Belly dance , also referred to as Arabic dance (Arabic: ?????? Arabic dance "), is an expressive dance of the language Arabs from Egypt and who emphasize complex body movements. It has evolved to take many different forms depending on the country and region, both in costume and dance styles.
Video Belly dance
Name and terminology
The term "belly dance" is a translation of the French term "danse du ventre", which is applied to the dance in the Victorian era, and refers to Egyptian and oriental female dances.
In Arabic this dance is known as Raqs Sharqi ("Eastern Dance") or as Raqs Baladi in Arabic Egyptian ("Country Dance" or "Folk Dance").
Her main belly dance is a body-driven dance, with an emphasis on hip articulation. Unlike many forms of Western dance, the focus of the dance is on the isolation of the muscles of the body, rather than on the movement of the limbs through space. Although some of these isolations look similar to the isolation used in jazz ballet, they are sometimes driven differently and have different feelings or emphases.
As with most folk dances, there is no universal naming scheme for belly dancing. Some dancers and dance schools have developed their own naming schemes, but none are universally recognized.
Movement found in belly dance
Many characteristic movements of belly dancing can be grouped into the following categories:
- Percussion Movement : Staccato movement, most often in the hip, is used to emphasize music or sound an accent. Typical movements within this group include hip drops, vertical hips rock, hip hits out, hip lift and hip bend. Percussion movements using other parts of the body may include elevators or drops of rib and shoulder accents.
- Fluid movement : Flowing, muscular movements in which the body moves continuously, is used to interpret melodic lines and lyrical parts in music, or modulated to express complex instrumental improvisations. These movements require a lot of control of the abdominal muscles. Typical movements include horizontal and vertical numbers of 8 or infinity loops with hips, horizontal or sloped hips, and undulations of the hips and abdomen. These basic shapes can be varied, combined, and decorated to create a variety of intricate and textured movements.
- Shimmies, vibrations and vibrations : A small, fast, continuous hips or rib movement that creates an impression of texture and depth of movement. Shimmies are generally layered over other movements, and are often used to interpret reels on or riq or quick picking of oud or qanun (instruments). There are many different types of lipstick, size and method of generation. Some common shimmies include relaxed hip shimmies, up and down, straight-legged knee shimmies, fast, small hip vibrations, hip shimmies, reflections of 'quakes', and casual shoulders or shimmies ribs.
In addition to this body movement, dancers in many styles will use change levels, traveling steps, spins and spins. The arm is used to frame and accentuate hip movements, for dramatic movements, and to create beautiful lines and shapes with the body, especially in a more ballet and western style. Other movements can be used as occasional accents, such as low kicks and arabesque, backbends, and head throws.
Maps Belly dance
In the Middle East
The origins and history
Belly dancing is believed to have a long history in the Middle East, but reliable evidence of its origin is scarce, and its historical stories are often highly speculative. Several Greek and Roman sources including Juvenal and Martial describe dancers from Asia Minor and Spain using wavy movements, playing musical instruments, and sinking to the floor with "trembling thighs", descriptions which of course show the motion we now associate with belly dancing. Later, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries, European tourists in the Middle East such as Edward Lane and Flaubert wrote much about the dancers they saw there, including Awalim and Ghawazee in Egypt. In the Ottoman Empire's belly dances were performed by both boys and girls in the Sultan's palace.
Social context
Belly dance in the Middle East has two different social contexts: as folk or social dance, and as performing arts.
As a social dance, belly dancing (also called Raqs Baladi or Raqs Shaabi in this context) is performed on social occasions and gatherings by ordinary people (men and women, young and old), in their regular attire. In more conservative or traditional societies, these events may be segregated by sex, with separate parties in which men and women dance separately.
Historically, professional dance players were Awalim (mainly musicians and poets), Ghawazi, and KÃÆ'¶ÃÆ'§ekler. The Maazin Sisters may be the last authentic performer of the Ghawazi dance in Egypt, with Khayreyya Maazin still teaching and performing in 2009.
In the modern era, professional players (including dancers, singers, and actors) are not considered respectable in the Middle East, and there is a strong social stigma attached to women especially, as they present their bodies in public, which are considered haram in Islam.
In Egypt
Many bellydancers work in Cairo.
The modern Egyptian belly dance style (and modern costume) is said to have originated from Cairo nightclub which was later used in Egyptian cinemas. Many local dancers continue to appear in Egyptian films and have a major influence on the development of Egyptian style and become famous as Samia Gamal and Taheyya Kariokka who both help draw the eye to Egyptian styles around the world.
Egyptian belly dance is known for its well-controlled and precise movements.
In Turkish
Turkish belly dance is called in Turkey as Oryantal Dans, or simply 'Oryantal'. The Turkish style of bellydance is lively and fun, with an outer energy projection greater than the more contained Egyptian style. Turkish dancers are known for their energetic, athletic (even gymnastic) styles, and the use of their advanced finger cymbals, also known as zils. Turkish dance enthusiasts often say that a dancer who can not play zilya is not a great dancer. Floorwork, which has been banned in Egypt since the mid-20th century, is still an important part of Turkish bellydance.
Another element that distinguishes Turkish style is the use of the 9/8 rhythm, calculated as 12-34-56-789, often referred to as the rhythm of Karsilama. Kar? Ilama, in Turkish dance, is not a rhythm but a folk performance is performed in a line, where as the 9/8 rhythm (dokuz sekiz) defines the count of rhythm and is used in both Roman ritual and havas.
Many professional dancers and musicians in Turkey continue to be Romani's legacy, and the Romans in Turkey have a strong influence on the Turkish style
In Lebanon
The Lebanese-style belly dance is somewhere between the Egyptian and Turkish styles. The Lebanese dance takes from the classical oriental dance, but still combines an aggressive and modern edge. There are great steps, backward to body, rotating hips, big and busy arms and lots of shimmies. The types of techniques used in Lebanese style dance are fast-lined shimmies and smooth internal movements. Lebanese dancers sometimes include kicks, splits, back bends, and Turkish drops.
Outside the Middle East
Belly dance was popularized in the West during the Romantic movement of the 18th and 19th centuries, when Orientalist artists portrayed the romantic images of harem life in the Ottoman Empire.
In North America
Although there were dancers of this type at Centennial 1876 in Philadelphia, it was not until the 1893 Chicago World's Fair that received national attention. The term "belly dance" is often credited to Sol Bloom, the entertainment director, but refers to the dance as dance du ventre, the name used by the French in Algeria. In his memoirs, Bloom stated, "when the public knows that the literal translation is" belly dance ", they are happy to conclude that it must be obscene and immoral... I have a gold mine."
Authentic dancers from several Middle Eastern and North African countries performed at the Exhibition, including Syria, Turkey, and Algeria - but dancers at The Egyptian The Street Theater at the Cairo show gained the most fame. The fact that the dancers did not rally and swirl, their hips shocked Victoria's sensitivity. No soloists, but claimed that a dancer nicknamed Little Egypt stole the show. Some claim the dancer is Farida Mazar Spyropoulos, but this fact is debatable.
The popularity of these dancers then spawned dozens of imitators, many of them claiming to be from the original group. The Victorian community continues to be humiliated by dance, and dancers are sometimes arrested and fined. The dance was nicknamed "Hoochie coochie", or shimmy and shake. The short film, "Fatima's Dance", is widely distributed in Nickelodeon theaters. This invites criticism for his "disrespectful" dance, and ultimately censored. Belly dancing attracts men in droves to the theater, and many carnivals and circuses.
Thomas Edison made several dancers in the 1890s. These included Turkish dance, and Crissie Sheridan in 1897, and Princess Rajah of 1904, featuring a dancer who plays zills, performs "floor work", and balances a chair in his teeth.
Ruth St Denis also uses Middle Eastern-inspired dance in the silent film D. W. Griffith Intolerance , the goal is to lift the dance to a respectable art form when dancers are regarded as low-moral women. Hollywood began producing films such as The Sheik , Cleopatra , and SalomÃÆ' Â © , to capitalize on Western-oriented fantasies.
When immigrants from Arab countries began to arrive in New York in the 1930s, dancers began performing in nightclubs and restaurants. In the late 1960s and early 70s many dancers began to teach. Middle Eastern or Eastern bands take dancers with them on tour, which helps spark interest in dance.
Despite the Turkish and Egyptian movements and music, American Cabaret belly dance ("AmCab") has developed its own distinctive style, using props and encouraging audience interaction.
In 1987, a typical American dance improvisation style American Tribal Style Belly Dance (ATS) was created. Despite its unique and completely modern style, its steps are based on existing dance techniques, including those from North India, the Middle East, and Africa. Many forms of belly dance "Tribal Fusion" have also evolved, combining elements from many dance styles and other music including flamenco, ballet, burlesque, hula hoop and even hip hop. "Gothic Belly Dance" is a style that combines elements of the Goth subculture.
In Spanish
Belly dancers are thought to have come to Spain from Lebanon in Phoenician times (11th century BC to 5th century BC). When Arab families from Umayyah came to Spain, they sent Basque singers and dancers to Damascus and Egypt for training in Middle Eastern style. The dancer then became known as the dancer Al Andalus. It is theorized that the Al-Andalus style mix with Gypsy dance led to the creation of flamenco.
Belly dancing did not return to Spain until the 1980s, with the end of Franco's Catholic regime.
In Australia
The first wave of interest in belly dancing in Australia was during the late 1970s to the 1980s with the influx of migrants and refugees fleeing the Middle East issues, including drummer Jamal Zraika. These immigrants create social scenes including many Lebanese and Turkish restaurants, providing jobs for belly dancers. Rozeta Ahalyea is widely regarded as the "mother" of Australian belly dance, training early pioneer dance such as Amera Eid and Terezka Drnzik. Belly dancing has now spread across the country, with belly dance communities in every capital and many regional centers.
In the United Kingdom
Bellydancing has been a testament in the UK since the early 1960s. During the 1970s and 1980s, there was a growing Arab club scene in London, with live Arabic music and regular bellydance dance, but the latter was closed in the early 1990s. Several prominent members of the English bellydance community started their dance careers working in these clubs.
Today, there are fewer traditional places for Arabian dance in England; However, there is a large amateur bellydance community. Several international bellydance festivals are now held in England. In addition, there is more competition, which has increased in popularity in recent years.
The UK Bellydance scene is very leaning towards the Egyptian/Arabic style, with little Turkish influence. American Tribal Style and Tribal Fusion bellydance are also popular.
Costume
The costumes most often associated with belly dancing are the 'bedlah' style (Arabic: ???? ?; Literally "suit"), which usually includes mounted on the top or a bra, a fitting hip belt, and a long skirt or harem pants. Bra and belts may be highly decorated with beads, beads, crystals, coins, beaded borders and embroidery. The belt can be a separate part, or sewn into a skirt.
Badia Masabni, the owner of the cabaret of Cairo at the beginning of the 20th century, is credited with creating a modern style of bed. He has argued that bedlah was inspired by glamorous Hollywood costumes, or made to attract visitors from the West. The previous costumes consisted of a full skirt, lightweight camisole, and short vests cut with ornaments and heavy jewelry.
As well as a two-piece surgical costume, full length dress is sometimes worn, especially when dancing balladi style is more understated. A variety of dresses from very fitting and highly decorated gowns, often featuring heavy ornaments and covered pieces of nets, for simpler designs that are often based on traditional dress.
Costume in Egypt
In Egypt the dancers wear the bed. Or they may wear a dress with pieces full of nets.
Costume in Lebanon
Since there is no prohibition to show the stomach in Lebanon, bed style is more common. Skirts tend to be thinner than Egyptian outfits, showing more of the dancers' bodies. Jilbab is more widely used than in Egypt. High heels are generally worn. Lebanese dancers have more freedom than Egyptian-style dancers in the type of costume they choose to wear.
Costumes in Turkey
Turkish costumes are usually in bed style. The hallmark of many Turkish costumes includes a V-shaped belt or triangle that can be formed or contoured around the top edge, and many ornaments and beads are attached to both bras and belts. Skirts are often fuller than their Egyptian counterparts, and tend to be made of chiffon or velvet rather than lycra.
In the 1980s and 90s a very revealing costume style was developed with a skirt designed to show both feet up to the hip, and a plunging bra or even pasties. Such styles still exist in some places but there are also many Turkish belly dancers wearing more moderate costumes. Even so, many of Turkey's belly-dancing costumes reflect the seductive and flirting style of Turkish belly dancing.
Tribal style costumes
The tribal belly costume draws inspiration from traditional folklore costumes around the world and includes a circle skirt, pantaloons, and turban or headdress adorned with feathers or flowers.
Health
Belly dancing is a weightless and weight-bearing exercise that is suitable for all ages. Many movements involve isolation, which increases the flexibility of the torso. Abdominal dance movements are beneficial to the spine, because the full body's undulations move elongated (decompress) and strengthen the entire spinal column of muscles of the spine and stomach in a gentle way.
Dancing with a veil can help build strength in upper body, arms and shoulders. Play zills train your fingers to work independently and build strength. Long legs and back muscles are reinforced by hip movement.
Famous practitioner
Professional belly dancer includes:
In popular culture
The titular character of the video game series Shantae developed by Wayforward Technologies is a "half-genie" belly dance, which uses a magical belly dance to transform into various animals.
Telenovela Brazil O Clone (also known as El Clon in Spanish-speaking countries and the United States) is set in Brazil and Morocco and features belly dancing in many episodes. The main character, Jade (Giovanna Antonelli), uses it to attract her lover Lucas (Murilo BenÃÆ'cio) and to calm and seduce her husband Said (Dalton Vigh).
Some James Bond movies (including From Russia with Love ) and music videos have performed belly dancers. In the The Man with the Golden Gun , Saida's belly dancer wearing a bullet spent at her navel, which Bond accidentally swallows while trying to retrieve it.
Documentary about belly dancing including American Bellydancer , Journey of Desire: Foreign Dancers in Cairo , Belly, Sensual... Scars... Holy , and Bellydancers of Cairo .
See also
- Raqs sharqi
- Baladi
- Ghawazi
- Almeh
- KÃÆ'¶ÃÆ'§ek
- Persian Dance
- American Tribal Belly Dance
- Tribal Style Stomach Dance Improv
- Tribal Fusion
- M'alayah
- Glossary of belly dance
References
External links
- Media related to Raqs Sharqi in Wikimedia Commons
- Top Dance Styles Worldwide
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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