Etiquette codes in Japan regulate social behavior in the country and are considered very important. Like many social cultures, etiquette varies greatly depending on the person's status relative to the person concerned. Many books instruct the reader about the little things. Some conventions may be a very regional practice, and thus may not exist in all areas of Japan. Some habits have changed during Japanese history. Here is a modern custom received in Japan.
Video Etiquette in Japan
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Bathing is an important part of daily routine in Japan, where a bathtub to relax, does not cleanse the body. Therefore the body should be cleaned and scrubbed before entering the bath or ofuro . This is done in the same room as the bathtub, while sitting on a small bench and using a hand-held shower. Soap, wash cloth, and shampoo are provided; and the swimmer is expected to wash and rinse thoroughly twice before stepping into the ofuro. It is essential that no soap residue is transferred to the ofuro because the heated water is not dried after each person's use, and several hours (and the large amount of water costs) are required to heat the fresh water. Every hair or debris is taken from the water after a bath, and the lid is placed over the tub to keep the water temperature and prevent evaporation. The water heater also keeps maintaining the temperature. (The Ryokan baths have a small waiting room to undress before entering the bathroom.There is usually a basket in which to place towels and wash cloths used.)
In a small house or lodge, the traditional tub is square and deep enough that the water covers the shoulders of the bather, but the length and width are small so that the swimmers sit with their knees pulled up. A spoon is provided so that the swimmer can extinguish his head with a water bath. Because ofuro is meant for a relaxing private bath, but it serves many people, the gatherers should be careful not to spoil too much. Many ryokans cover the ofuro for a few hours each day so the room can be cleaned and aired, and some have guests to register for a certain wading time.
At home with a small tub, family members bathe one by one in order of seniority, usually starting with the oldest man or the oldest person in the household. If there are guests at home, they will be given priority. At home with larger tubs, not infrequently family members bathe together. Usually one or both parents will bathe with babies and toddlers, and even as the children grow up they may still bathe with one of their parents. Some houses move the hot water bath to the clothes washer.
Bathtubs are becoming more common in modern Japanese homes; but in the cities there are still many small and old apartments that do not have baths, so a public bath called is sent? is common. The regular baths will have tap water heated in the boiler. In all regions except in rural areas, public baths are separated by gender. Customers bathe naked, many are using a small duster to cover their genitals. Hotels, pachinkos, and other places may be in place sent? for customer use. The rules of ironing, rubbing, rinsing are the same as at home and ryokan.
Onsen (??) means hot springs . These baths use water heated by geothermal springs and are often incorporated into destinations such as rural resorts where people live for a day or more. They may have a variety of soaking pools and tubs, some indoors and some outdoors, some communal and some private. Larger Onsen will have separate pools for men and women, and visitors usually bathe naked.
Many are sent? and onsen prohibit customers with tattoos, which are traditionally taboo, citing concerns over yakuza activity.
Maps Etiquette in Japan
Bowing
Bending ( ??? , o-jigi ) , may be a feature of Japanese language etiquette the best known outside of Japan. (The honor is "o" or "can not be eliminated from this word.) Bending is very important: although children usually start learning how to bend at a very young age, companies usually train their employees exactly how they bend down.
The base bow is performed by bending from the waist with the back and neck straight, the hand on the side (male) or gripped in the lap (female), and the eye is looking down. The body must be composed but not rigid. Generally, the longer and more in the bow, the stronger the emotions and the respect expressed.
The three main types of arc are informal, formal, and very formal. Informal bows are made around the fifteen-degree angle or just tilting over one's head forward, and the bow is more formal at around thirty degrees. A very formal bow deeper.
Etiquettes that surround bending, including length, depth, and proper response, are very complicated. For example, if a person keeps his bow longer than others expect (usually about two or three seconds), the advance person can express courtesy by bending for a second time - and then accept another answer in response. This often leads to a progressive length of progressive arcs.
Generally, the inferior arc is longer, deeper, and more often than the boss. A boss who handles a lowly person usually just nods slightly, and some people may not bow at all. An inferior will lean forward from the waist. It is important to try to measure the exact depth and duration of the arcs in different situations: a bow that is too deep or too long for a situation can be interpreted as sarcasm.
The apology bow tends to be deeper and longer, occurring with frequencies throughout the apology, generally around 45 degrees with the head lowered and lasting at least three, sometimes longer. The depth, frequency, and duration of the arc increases with the sincerity of the apology and the severity of the violation. Sometimes, in the case of apology and begging, people squat like Sujud to show absolute surrender or extreme regret. This is called Dogeza . Although Dogeza was previously considered very formal, today it is largely regarded as an insult to oneself, so it is not used in everyday settings. Thank you bow followed the same pattern. In extreme cases, bow kneeling is done; The bow is sometimes so deep that the forehead touches the floor. This is called saikeirei ( ??? ), literally "the most respectful bow."
When dealing with non-Japanese people, many Japanese will shake hands. Because many non-Japanese people are familiar with the habit of bending, this often leads to arcs and joint handshakes that can be complicated. The bow can be combined with a handshake or done before or after shaking hands. Generally when bent close, as required when combining bending and shaking hands, people turn slightly to one side (usually left) to avoid bumping the head.
Make a payment
It is common for Japanese companies to make small trays near the cash register so that customers can put their money on a tray instead of handing it directly to the cashier. If a business provides such a tray, it is a violation of etiquette to ignore it and instead withhold money for the cashier to take by hand. The tray should not be confused with North America "Take a penny, leave a penny" tray for small changes.
Eating and drinking
Food in Japan traditionally starts with the word itadakimasu ( ?????? , literally, "I humbly accept") . Similar to the "bon appÃÆ' Â © tit" or a gift of grace, it expresses gratitude for all who play a role in providing food and acknowledge that living organisms have given their lives to humans as D. a. After the meal, the Japanese use the polite phrase gochis? Sama-deshita ( ????????? , turns on. "That (condition) party (honorable) ") . In response, the preparer often says osomatsusama-deshita ( ????????? , lit "I think the food is not a party") .
Not consuming your food is not deemed impolite in Japan, but rather taken as a signal to the host that you want to be served another help. Instead, complete your food entirely, especially rice, shows that you are satisfied and therefore do not want to be served again. Children are strongly encouraged to eat every last grain of rice. (See also mottainai as Buddhist philosophy.) It is rude to choose certain ingredients and leave the rest. Someone should chew with his mouth closed.
It is acceptable to lift soup and rice bowls to the mouth so that people do not spill food. Miso soup is drunk directly from the bowl (small); a larger soup and containing chunky ingredients can come with a spoon. Of course hashi ("chopsticks") is always provided. Noodles from hot soup are often blown (once removed from soup) to cool them before eating; and it is appropriate to sip certain foods, especially ramen or buckwheat noodles. However, slurping is not universally performed, and Western-style noodles (pasta) should not be inhaled.
Rice is generally eaten plain or sometimes with nori (thin seaweed sheets, probably grated or chopped) or furikake (seasoning). More substantial additives may also be provided: raw eggs, natt? (fermented soy bean), a small piece of cooked fish, or tsukemono (preserved vegetables). Eggs and natto are often served at breakfast; both are meant to be mixed into rice. Less commonly, dishes have rice with mixed ingredients, either when cooking ( gohan tachycard , "cooked in rice") or after cooked rice (labyrinth gohan, ????, "mix Nasi").
Pouring soy sauce over white rice is not a Japanese habit, nor is it a good form to pour soy sauce directly over sashimi or sushi: soy sauce is a seasoning that will be used with wisdom, enough to improve, but not overwhelm, the added flavor of the food. At every place to eat, a small dish is provided to hold the sauce and dip a little food. To pour too much soy sauce into this dish is considered greedy and wasteful (see mottainai ). Enter a little, and add more as needed.
Sushi etiquette dictates that when eating nigiri-zushi, a person dips the sides of the sushi pieces into soy sauce, thus protecting the rice from absorbing too much sauce. Leaving the grain of rice floating in the sauce is considered unusual, but can be difficult to avoid for those who have difficulty manipulating chopsticks. It is also unwise to mix the wasabi (turnip greens) into the soy sauce dish. Instead, put a little wasabi on sushi pieces after dipping. In a restaurant that only has sushi, it is perfectly acceptable to use a finger rather than a chopstick to eat nigiri-zushi .
It is not uncommon for Japanese to eat or drink while walking in public, and this is just one point of etiquette where it is wise to err on the side of conservatism. The vending machines in Japan generally have recycling bins for used bottles and cans, so people can consume drinks there; and in the summer, one can see groups drinking near the vending machines. Some consider it impolite to eat in public, but this is not universally held reluctance.
Many Japanese restaurants provide food with disposable wood/bamboo chopsticks that should be fastened near the top (which is thicker than the bottom). As a result, the attachment area can produce small flakes. Do not rub chopsticks at each other to remove debris: this is considered very rough, implying that people think the equipment is cheap. At the beginning of the meal, use a smooth lower end to take food from a serving plate if no other equipment is provided for the purpose. Then eat, hold the food between the bottom hashi . If you later want to use hashi to get more food from serving dishes, use the top end to do it to avoid 'contaminating' the food on the tray. At the end of the meal, it's good to return the piece of disposable chopsticks into the original paper wrapper; this covers the dirty rod while indicating that the packet has been used.
In a Japanese restaurant, customers are given a roll-over hand towel called oshibori . It is rude to use a towel to wipe your face or neck; However, some people, usually men, do this in more informal restaurants. Nonwoven towel replaces fabric oshibori .
In any situation, an obscure restaurant can observe what others are doing; and for non-Japanese people to ask how to do things properly is generally accepted with an appreciation for the recognition of cultural differences and the expression of interest in learning Japanese ways.
When using a toothpick, it is a good etiquette to shut one's mouth with the other hand. Blowing someone's nose in public is considered to be abusive, especially in restaurants; Handkerchiefs can not be used for this purpose. Instead, sniffling is considered acceptable, as an alternative to blowing the nose. When sneezing, it is polite to cover someone's nose by hand.
Bent?
Bent ?, Food boxes in Japan, are very common and an important ritual at lunch. This food preparation begins around the time the children reach the nursery school. Parents of these children are very careful when preparing food for their children. They arrange the food in the order to be consumed. A bent? may appear decorative, but should be consumed in its entirety.
A crooked? judged by how well prepared. Parents are almost expected to "show off" their accomplishments in making lunch. They are preparing for their child, but the results are observed by other children and nursery schools, and this leads to some sort of competition between parents.
Due to the important food appearance in Japan, parents should be sure to arrange bend over? in an interesting way. Parents can prepare pieces of leaves in the fall or cut oranges into flower shape if it is summer season. It is not uncommon to see seven different courses in bending over? .
Parents are also encouraged to prepare what the children will enjoy eating. If the child does not like what the parent has prepared, then most likely he will not consume it, against the rule that "it should be consumed in its entirety."
Chopsticks
Chopsticks have been used in Japan since the Nara period (710-794). There are many unspoken traditions and rules around using chopsticks ( ?? , hashi ) . For example, it is considered very taboo to deliver food from chopsticks to chopsticks, as this is how bone is handled by the deceased's family after cremation. If a person has to give food to others during a meal (a questionable practice in public), one should take food with his own chopsticks, flip the chopsticks to use a tip that is not in direct contact with the handler's mouth, and place on a small dish, allowing the recipient to take it (with its own receiver chopsticks). If no other equipment is available when distributing the food plate, the tip of the chopsticks is used to take the food together. Chopsticks do not fit unused. Chopsticks standing vertically in a bowl of rice should be avoided, as it reminds burning incense standing in the sand, usually at the cemetery; the act of stabbing chopsticks into food resembles the actions of devout Buddhists when offering a meal of ceremony to their ancestors at the household shrine. Placing chopsticks so they point to others is considered a symbolic threat.
Visiting someone's home
It is considered an honor to be invited to someone's home in Japan. Many Japanese consider their home too simple to entertain guests. Shoes are not worn inside - because floor levels are often higher than ground or entry level or even the same height, Japan does not want the floor to be tarnished by dirt, sand or dust that might stick to the soles. Instead, shoes are thrown away in the mudroom or entrance foyer, and are often replaced with sandals called uwabaki. Just wearing socks is also acceptable in an informal situation. Genkan is found even in small apartments, where they are small, and feature small steps. Socks, however, are generally not removed - bare feet are acceptable when visiting close friends, but not vice versa. There are also separate slippers used when using the bathroom, for hygiene reasons.
Wood geta
Regarding seating arrangements, see kamiza.
Gifts and prizes
Many people will ask guests to open gifts, but if they do not do so, the Japanese will resist the urge to ask if they can open the prize. Because the act of accepting a reward can create a sense of unmet obligation at the recipient's part, rewards are sometimes denied, depending on the situation.
Seasonal gifts
There are two reward seasons in Japan, called seibo ( ?? ) and ch? Gen ( ?? ) . One for winter and the other for summer. Gifts are given to those who have a relationship with someone, especially those who have helped the gift giver. In that period the subordinates will reward the boss at the office, a student giving something to the master in the tea ceremony class, and even the office will prepare a courtesy gift for their business partner. For ch? Gen, July 20th is the latest date to deliver for those living in the Tokyo area.
Disrespectful gift
Some items that prominently display numbers 4 and 9 should not be given, as reading 4 ( shi ) indicates death ( shi ) or 9 (i < ) homonyms for suffering or torture ( my ). So the comb, or kushi is a carefully avoided item, as a gift.
For wedding gifts, mirrors and ceramic items as well as glasses, scissors and knives are not the right gift because the symbology breaks up or cuts off the relationship, respectively. As a gift for new homes and newly opened stores, anything that brings to mind fire and burning including ashtrays, stoves/heaters and cigarette lighters should be unlisted unless the recipient requests so. If the recipient is older than the giver, or for those who celebrate kanreki , shoes and socks are considered "to step on" the person.
More prizes
Another habit in Japan is women giving chocolate to men on Valentine's Day. Chocolate can be given to the object of female affection, or to any man the woman is connected. The latter is called giri-choko ( ????? ) (chocolate obligations). Men who receive chocolate on Valentine's Day give something back to the people they receive, one month later on White Day.
Greetings
Speech is considered very important in Japanese culture. Students in primary and secondary schools are often advised to convey greetings with energy and enthusiasm. The lazy welcome is considered by the kind of humiliation that will accompany the drowning hand in some Western parts.
The most common greeting is ohay? gozaimasu ( ????????? ) or "good morning", is used until about 11 o'clock but can be used in any time of the day if it is the first chance on the second day that person meets; konnichiwa ( ????? ) which is roughly equivalent to "good day" or "good afternoon" and used until late afternoon; and konbanwa ( ??? ) or "good night". The various forms of this greeting may be used depending on the relative social status of the speaker and the listener.
Mail and postcards
Title
The title for people is -chan (most often for close friends of women, young girls or babies of both sexes), -kun (most often for male close friends, or young boys), -san (for adults in general) and -same (for customers, and also used for feudal lords, gods or buddhas).
Mailing addresses, even those sent to close friends, are usually written in fairly formal languages. Unless some other titles are available ( sensei , for example, which may mean "doctor" or "professor" among others) the standard title used with the recipient's name is a very formal -same (?). The letter addressed to the company takes the title onch? ( ?? ) after the company name. It is also considered important to mention at the address if the company is incorporated (kabushiki gaisha) or limited (y? Gene gaisha). When a letter is addressed to a company employee at their workplace, the address must contain the full name of the workplace, as well as the employee title, and the employee's full name.
Material of letter writing
Personal letters are traditionally written by hand using blue or black ink, or with a black writing brush and ink. The preferred paper is washi (Japanese paper). Although the letter can be written vertically or horizontally ( tategaki and yokogaki ), the traditional and more formal vertical orientation. Red ink in letter writing should be avoided, because writing a person's name with red ink indicates the desire for the person to die.
Greeting postcards
In Japan, people who vacation do not send postcards. In contrast, the tradition in Japan is for holiday goers to bring back souvenirs, often eaten (see "Gifts and gifts"). However, New Year's greeting postcards, or nengaj? ( ??? ) , is a tradition similar to Christmas cards in the West. If sent within the time limit, Japan post office will send the card on New Year's morning. It is decorated with motifs based on the Chinese zodiac year that begins. They asked for help that the recipient relayed in the new year. If a person receives a card from someone who has never sent a card, the etiquette states that someone must send the card in return, to arrive no later than the seventh day of January.
However, if a relative has died during the year, they will send a postcard written in black before the New Year apologizes for not sending a New Year card. The reason is because their relatives have died, they can not hope or have a happy new year. In this case, the etiquette is also not to send New Year Greetings.
Summer cards are also shipped. Shochu-mimai ( ????? ) card sent from July to August 7 and zansho- mimai ( ????? ) The card was sent from August 8 until the end of August. It often contains polite questions about recipient health. They are usually sold from the post office and therefore contain lottery numbers.
Polite language
There are all the rules of grammar to speak with respect to superiors, customers, etc., and this plays a big role in good manners and in society as a whole. Japanese children are taught to act harmoniously and cooperatively with others since they enter school.
The need for a harmonious relationship between people is reflected in many Japanese behaviors. Many places place great emphasis on decency, personal responsibility and work together for the universal, not the individual, either. They present unpleasant facts in a gentle and indirect way. They see working harmoniously as an essential ingredient to work productively.
Service and public employees
Japan is often cited by non-Japanese as a place where service is excellent. Such claims are difficult, if not impossible, to count. However, services in public companies such as restaurants, drinking places, shops and services are generally friendly, attentive and very polite, as reflected in the general reminder given by managers and employers to their employees: "okyaku-sama wa kami- ( ???????? ), or "the customer is a god." (This is comparable to the western proverb , "the customer is always right" and Sanskrit says "atithi devo bhavati"). Generally, service employees rarely engage in casual conversations with customers in order to establish rapport because it sometimes happens in western culture. Service employees are expected to maintain a more formal and professional relationship with all customers. Personal conversations among service staff are considered inappropriate when customers are near.
In general, as in most countries, etiquette states that customers are treated with respect. In Japan, this means that employees speak in a humble and respectful way and use respectful forms of language that increase customers. Thus, customers are usually handled under the same title (roughly equivalent to "sir" or "madam" in English). Customer is not expected to reply to this level of courtesy to the server.
Dress for employees is usually neat and formal, depending on the type and style of establishment. Public servants such as police, taxi drivers, and anesthesia whose job it is to make sure that as many people as possible ride a buggy train - and other types of employees who have to touch people - often wear white gloves.
Funeral
People attending Japanese funerals carry money called " k? Den " ( ?? ) both in a special funeral offer envelope "
The exact format of " k? Den-bukuro " varies depending on the ceremonial/religious style and the amount of money you enter. The title you write in the middle of the face side is defined by religion as well as when to bring either to wake up Japan or to the proper funeral. People also bring money to " shij? Kunichi" ( 49? ) forty-ninth day service after death especially when they do not attend the funeral.
Birthday special
- Seven, five, three : Shichi-go-san ( ??? ) is an event which was held on 15 November for children of this age.
- Twenty : Thirtieth birthday, ??? or ?? , is when a person becomes an adult and can drink alcohol and smoke tobacco. Pronounced hatachi .
- Sixty : Your sixtieth birthday is a chance kanreki , ?? , when the five Chinese zodiac cycles have been completed.
- Seventy : The seventieth birthday is a chance chef , ?? , "age is rarely achieved", as taken from a verse ??????????? which means "very few live a long life up to 70 years" in a Chinese poem by Chinese Du "Du" "spi" = "zh" title = "Chinese text"> "??????" Fu.
- Seventy Seven : The seventy-seventh birthday is a chance kiju ?? , "happy age", because Chinese characters? written in cursive style looks like a character for seventy-seven (???).
- Eighty : Eighteenth birthday is a chance sanju ?? , "age umbrella", because Chinese characters for umbrella ,? in cursive style as ? , looks like a character for eighty (??).
- Eighty-eight : Eighty-eighth birthday is a chance beiju ?? , "rice age", because the Chinese character for rice,?, looks like a character for eighty-eight (???).
- Nineties : The ninety year anniversary is a chance sotsuju ?? , "beyond age", due to Chinese characters for development, ? in cursive style as ? , looks like a character for ninety (??).
- Nineties Nine : The ninety-ninth birthday is a chance subject ?? , "white age", because Chinese characters for white, ", look like Chinese characters for a hundred,", with the top stroke (meaning "one") removed.
- One hundred : The hundredth birthday is a chance momoju ?? , "the age of a hundred", because the Chinese character for a hundred, ", means a century.Also spelled
?? . - One hundred and eight : The hundredth and eighth anniversary is the chance of chaju ?? , "tea age", because Chinese characters for tea, ", look like characters for ten, ten, and eighty-eight to add up to 108 (???????).
Business cards
Business cards must be exchanged carefully, at the beginning of the meeting. Standing in front of everyone, people exchanging cards offer them with both hands so that others can read them. Cards should not be thrown on the table or held casually with one hand. The card should be received with both hands and studied for a moment, then carefully arranged on the table in front of the recipient's seat or placed in the holder of a person's business card with a smile. If needed, one can ask how to pronounce a person's name at this time. When meeting a group of people, the card can be placed in front of the receiver on the table for reference during the conversation or immediately placed on the card holder of the recipient. Cards should not be placed in a person's pocket or wallet, or should be written in the presence of others. Attention to the business card ethics is intended to show respect.
See also
- Aizuchi
- Japanese culture
- Intercultural competencies
- Japanese cuisine
- Japanese
- Ethnic issues in Japan
References
External links
- Japanese - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette
- Western Style Wedding in Japan
- Japanese public bath etiquette
- Japanese Business Etiquette Guide
- Picture Guides for Sushi Etiquette
- Japanese Intercultural Consultation: Japanese Business Etiquette Guide
- Bramble, P. Sean (2008). Japan: survival guide for customs and etiquette . Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish. ISBN: 978-0-7614-5488-5.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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