History of cosmetics

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The cosmetic history stretches at least 7,000 years and is present in almost every society on earth. Cosmetic body art is regarded as the earliest form of ritual in human culture. The evidence for this comes in the form of red mineral pigments used (red ocher) including crayons associated with the appearance of Homo sapiens in Africa.

The archeological evidence of cosmetics must have come from ancient Egypt and Greece. According to one source, early major developments included the use of jatropha oil in ancient Egypt as a protective balm and skin cream made of beeswax, olive oil and rose water described by the Romans. Ancient Greeks also used cosmetics. Cosmetics is mentioned in the Old Testament - 2 Kings 9:30 where Jezebel painted her eyelids - around 840 BC - and the book of Esther describes various beauty treatments as well. Cosmetics are also used in ancient Rome, although much of Roman literature suggests that it is favored. It is known that some women in ancient Rome created makeup including lead-based formulas, to whiten skin, and kohl was used to coat the eyes.

Video History of cosmetics

Worldwide

Egypt

The use of cosmetics in Ancient Egypt is well documented. Kohl and lewewing flies have their roots in North Africa. Medicines for treating wrinkles containing ingredients such as incense gum and fresh moringa. For scars and burns, special ointments are made from red ocher juice, kohl, and sycamore. Alternative treatments are ground poultry and honey, or ointments made of knotgrass and powdered wormwood roots. To increase breath, the ancient Africans chewed herbs, roots of incense or licorice roots, which are still in use today. What jars can be compared to the lotion arrangement has been found to contain a mixture of beeswax and resin. this is duplicated as a solution to problems such as baldness and gray hair. They also use this product on their mummies, because they believe that it will make them unbearable in life afterwards.

Middle East

Cosmetics are used in Persia and today Iran from ancient period. Kohl is a black powder that is used extensively throughout the Persian Empire. It is used as a powder or smeared to darken the edges of eyelids similar to eyeliner. After the Persian tribes converted to Islam and conquered these areas, in some areas cosmetics were limited only if they wanted to disguise actual views to mislead or cause uncontrolled desires. In Islamic law, despite this requirement, there is no absolute prohibition to wear cosmetics; cosmetics should not be made of substances that harm a person's body.

An early teacher in the 10th century was Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, or Abulcasis, who wrote the 24-volume medical encyclopaedia Al-Tasrif . Chapters of volume 19 are dedicated to cosmetics. When the treatise was translated into Latin, cosmetic chapters were used in the West. Al-Zahrawi considers cosmetics as a branch of medicine, which he calls "Medicine of Beauty" ( Adwiyat al-Zinah ). She deals with perfumes, aromatic scents and incense. There are scented sticks that are rolled and pressed in a special mold, perhaps the earliest antecedents of present-day lipstick and solid deodorant. He also uses an oily substance called Adhan for treatment and beauty. (K)

China

The Chinese began to tarnish their nails with the sap of arab, gelatin, beeswax, and egg white from about 3000 BC. The colors used represent the social class: the Chou dynasty (first millennium BC), the nobles wore gold and silver; then the nobles wore black or red. The lower classes are prohibited from using bright colors on their nails.

Flowers play an important decorative role in China. Legend has it that once on the 7th day of the first lunar month, while Princess Shouyang (????), the daughter of Emperor Wu of Liu Song (????), was resting under the roof of the Hanzhang Palace near the Plum Tree after wandering in the garden, the plum flower hovering over her beautiful face, leaving a trail of flowers on her forehead that enhances her beauty even further. The court ladies were said to be very impressed, that they began to decorate their own foreheads with plain blossom plaid designs. It is also the origin of the flower fashion, meihua zhuang (literally "plum blossom makeup"), which originated in the Southern Dynasty (420-589) and became popular among women in the Dynasty Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279).

Mongolia

The royal family woman was painted red in the center of their cheeks, just below their eyes. However, it is a mystery why.

Japanese

In Japan, geisha wear a lipstick made of desolate safal petals to paint eyebrows and the edges of the eyes and lips, and candle bars, a softer version of the sumo wrestling hair wool, used by geisha as the base of makeup. Rice powder coloring face and back; flushing contours of the eye socket and defining the nose. Ohaguro (black paint) colored the teeth for the ceremony, called Erikae, when the maiko (intern) geisha graduated and became independent. Geisha will also occasionally use bird droppings to compile lighter shades.

Europe

In the Middle Ages, it was considered sinful and immoral to wear makeup by Church leaders, but many women still did. From the Renaissance to the 20th century the lower classes had to work out, in European colored agricultural work and skin that was usually light-colored darkened by sun exposure. The higher a person is in status, the more spare time he has to spend in the room, which keeps their skin pale. Thus, the highest class of pale European society resulted in European men and most women trying to brighten their skin directly, or using white powder on their skin to look more aristocratic. Various products are used, including white lead paint which may also contain arsenic, which also poison women and kill many people. Queen Elizabeth I of England is one of the famous white leader's users, with whom she created a display known as the "Young People's Mask". The portraits of the queen by Nicholas Hilliard from later in his reign portray his style of influence.

A pale face is a trend during the European Middle Ages. In the 16th century, women will bleed to get pale skin. Spanish whores wear pink makeup to contract pale skin. 13th century Italian women wear red lipstick to show that they are top class.

Americas and Australia

Some Native American tribes paint their faces for ceremonial or battle events. Similar practices are followed by Aboriginal people in Australia.

Maps History of cosmetics

Recent history

20th century

During the early 1900s, makeup was not very popular. In fact, women barely wear makeup at all. Make-up is currently still mostly the area of ​​women's night, they are in cabaret and in black & amp; white screen. The face of enamel (applying the real paint to the face) became popular among the rich nowadays in an attempt to look more pale. This practice is dangerous because the main ingredient is arsenic. Pale skin is associated with wealth because it means that one does not work in the sun and is able to stay inside all day. Cosmetics is so unpopular that it can not be bought in department stores; they can only be bought in the theater costume shop. The "makeup" of a woman often consists only of the use of papier poudrà © Å ©, a piece of paper/oil powder, to whiten the nose in the winter and illuminate their cheeks in the summer. Rouge is considered provocative, so it is only seen on "ladies that night." Some women use burning matches to darken eyelashes, and geranium and poppy petals to color the lips. Vaseline is in demand because it is used on chapped lips, as a base for hair tonics, and soaps. The toilet water was introduced in the early 1900s, but only the lavender or cologne water received by women. Cosmetic deodorants were discovered in 1888, by an unidentified inventor from Philadelphia and trademarked under the name Mum (deodorant). Roll-on deodorant was launched in 1952, and aerosol deodorant in 1965.

Around 1910, make-up became a fashion in the United States and Europe due to the influence of ballet and theater stars such as Mathilde Kschessinska and Sarah Bernhardt. Colorful makeup was introduced in Paris at the arrival of the Russian Ballet in 1910, where ochers and crimsons were the most distinctive nuances. The Daily Mirror beauty book shows that cosmetics are now accepted for literacy classes to wear. With that word, men often see rouge as a sign of sex and sin, and rouging is considered a confession of ugliness. In 1915, a Kansas legislature proposed to make it a minor crime for women under the age of forty-four to wear cosmetics "for the purpose of creating a false impression." The Daily Mirror is one of the first to suggest using a pencil line (eyeliner) to elongate the eyes and eyelash curler to accentuate the lashes. Eyebrow bleach is also presented in this beauty book, made from Arab candies, Indian ink, and rose water. George Burchett developed a cosmetic tattoo during this time period. She can tattoo with pink, red lips, and dark eyebrows. He was also able to tattoo the handicapped male in the First World War by including the color of the skin on the damaged face and by covering the scar with a more pleasing color to the eye. Max Factor opened a professional makeup studio for stage and screen actors in Los Angeles in 1909. Although the shop is aimed at actors, ordinary women come to buy theatrical eye shadow and eyebrow pencils for use in their homes.

In the 1920s, the film industry in Hollywood had the most influential influence on cosmetics. Stars like Theda Bara have a substantial effect on the makeup industry. Helena Rubinstein is a Bara makeup artist; he created a mascara for the actress, relying on his experiments with kohl. Other people who saw opportunities for mass-market cosmetics during this time were Max Factor, Sr., and Elizabeth Arden. Many of the makeup manufacturers are currently established during the 1920s and 1930s. Lipstick is one of the most popular cosmetics today, more than rouge and powder, because of its color and cheap color. In 1915, Maurice Levy invented a metal container for lipstick, which granted a license for mass production. The Flapper style also influenced the cosmetics of the 1920s, which embraced dark eyes, red lipstick, red nail polish, and suntan, created as a fashion statement by Coco Chanel. Eyebrow pencils became very popular in the 1920s, partly because the technology was superior to the previous one, due to the new material: hydrogenated cottonseed oil (also a key component of another Crisco Oil's magical product). Early commercial mascaras, such as Maybelline, only pressed cookies containing soap and pigments. A woman will dip a small brush into hot water, rub the feather on the cake, remove the excess by rolling the brush onto some paper or sponge, then apply the mascara as if her eyelashes are watercolor canvas. Eugene Schueller, founder of L'Orà © al, found a modern synthetic hair dye in 1907 and he also invented sunscreen in 1936. The first patent for nail polish was given in 1919. The color was very pink. It's not clear how dark the rose is, but every girl whose pink-toed nail is darker than a baby's gossip risks gossip about "fast." Previously, agricultural workers wore only sunbathing, while the fashionable women kept their skin as pale as possible. After Chanel's adoption of the tan color, dozens of new fake tan products are produced to help men and women achieve a "sun-kiss" look. In Asia, skin whitening continues to represent the ideal of beauty, as it does for today.

In the time period after the First World War, there was an explosion in cosmetic surgery. During the 1920s and 1930s, facial configuration and social identity dominated the world of plastic surgeons. Face-lift was done in the early 1920s, but it was not until 1960 when cosmetic surgery was used to reduce the signs of aging. During the twentieth century, cosmetic surgery mainly revolves around women. Men only participate in training if they are marred by war. Silicone implants were introduced in 1962. In the 1980s, the American Society of Plastic Surgeons made efforts to raise public awareness about plastic surgery. As a result, in 1982, the United States Supreme Court granted doctors the legal right to advertise their procedures. The nature of the optimistic, simplified narrative ad often makes the surgery appear danger-free, though it is nothing. The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery reports that more than two million Americans chose to undergo cosmetic procedures, both surgery and non-surgical, in 1998, liposuction became the most popular. Breast enlargement ranks second, while number three, four, and five are performed eye surgery, face-lift, and chemical peeling.

During the 1920s, many African-Americans participated in skin bleaching in an attempt to brighten their skin and straightening of hair to appear whiter. Skin whitener and hair straightener generate millions of wealth and account for thirty to fifty percent of all advertising in the black press of the decade. Often, these bleach and straightener are created and marketed by African American women themselves. Skin whitening contains caustic chemicals such as hydroquinone, which suppresses the production of melanin in the skin. This bleach can cause severe dermatitis and even death at high doses. Often these regimens are used daily, increasing a person's risk. In the 1970s, at least 5 companies started producing make-up for African American women. Before the 1970s, the feel of makeup for black women was limited. Facial and lipstick makeup is not suitable for dark skin types because it is made for pale skin color. Cosmetics created for this pale skin color only make dark skin look gray. Finally, makeup companies create makeup that works for richer skin tones, such as foundation and powder that provide a natural fit. Popular companies like Astartà ©, Afram, Libra, Flori Roberts and Fashion Fair provide reasonable cosmetic prices because they want to reach the masses.

From 1939 to 1945, during the Second World War, cosmetics were not widely available. Oil and alcohol, the basic ingredients of many cosmetics, are diverted to war supplies. Ironically, nowadays when they are restricted, lipstick, powder, and face creams are most desirable and most experiments are done for the post-war period. Cosmetics developers are aware that the war will produce phenomenal explosions afterwards, so they begin to prepare. Yardley, Elizabeth Arden, Helena Rubinstein, and French manufacturing companies became associated with "quality" after the war because they were the oldest established. Pond's has the same appeal in the lower price range. Cosmetic Gala is one of the first to give its products fantasy names, such as lipstick in "red lantern" and "coral sea".

During the 1960s and 1970s, many women in the western world who were affected by feminism decided to leave without cosmetics. In 1968 on Miss America's feminist protest, the protesters symbolically threw a number of feminine products into the "Trash of Freedom." These include cosmetics, which are among the items that protesters call "women's torture instruments" and accouterments of what they consider to be female-uplifting.

Cosmetics in 1970 is divided into "natural look" for day and more sexual images for the night. The non-allergic makeup comes when the bare face is in fashion as women become more interested in the value of their makeup chemistry. Modern developments in technology, such as High-shear mixers facilitate the production of cosmetics that are more natural and have greater durability than their predecessors. The main cosmetics at the time were eye shadow, though; women are also interested in new lipstick colors like lilac, green, and silver. Lipstick is often mixed with pale pink and white, so that women can create their own nuances. "Blush-ons" entered the market in this decade, with Revlon giving them widespread publicity. This product is applied to the forehead, lower cheeks, and chin. Contouring and highlighting faces with white eye shadow creams are also becoming popular. Avon introduced a female saleswoman. In fact, the entire cosmetics industry generally opens opportunities for women in business as entrepreneurs, inventors, manufacturers, distributors, and promoters.

21st century

Beauty products are now widely available from specialized internet retailers, who have recently joined online with established outlets, including major department stores and traditional brick and mortar beauty retailers.

Like most industries, cosmetics companies reject regulations by government agencies. In the US, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not approve or review cosmetics, although it does not regulate the colors that can be used in hair dye. Cosmetics companies do not have to report injuries due to the use of their products.

Although modern makeup has been used primarily by women traditionally, gradually more and more men are using cosmetics that are usually associated with women to enhance their own facial features. Concealer is commonly used by men who are conscious of cosmetics. Cosmetic brands release cosmetic products specifically designed for men, and men use these products more easily. But there is some controversy about this, as many people feel that men who wear makeup ignore traditional gender roles, and do not see men wearing cosmetics in a positive light. However, others see this as a sign of ongoing gender equality and feel that men also have the right to enhance their facial features with cosmetics if women can.

Currently the cosmetics market has a different dynamics compared to the 20th century. Some countries are driving this economy:

• Japan:

Japan is the second largest market in the world. Regarding the growth of this market, cosmetics in Japan have entered a period of stability. However, the market situation is rapidly changing. Now consumers can access a lot of information on the Internet and choose many alternatives, opening up many opportunities for new entrants entering the market, looking for opportunities to meet the diverse needs of consumers. The size of the cosmetic market for 2010 is 2286 billion yen on the basis of shipping value by brand manufacturers. With a growth rate of 100.1%, the market is virtually unchanged from the previous year.

• Russia:

One of the most exciting emerging markets, the 5th largest in the world by 2012, the Russian cosmetics and cosmetics market has shown the highest growth of 21% since 2004, reaching USD 13.5 billion $ & gt;

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See also

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References

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External links

• Early 19th Century Cosmetics in England during the English County
• Project faces naked: Women try experiments without makeup - USATODAY.com (March 28, 2012)

Source of the article : Wikipedia