Crotch pants open (simplified Chinese: ??? ; traditional Chinese: ??? ; pinyin: k? id? ngkÃÆ'¹ ), also known as open crotch pants or seperate pants , worn by toddlers all over mainland China. Often made of thick fabrics, they are designed with uncured stitches on the buttocks and crotch or holes in the center of the buttocks. Both allow children to urinate and defecate without underpants. Children simply squat, or held by parents, eliminating the need for diapers. Seeing the partially revealed buttocks of my love - ordinary kids in public places often surprise foreign visitors, who often take their pictures; they have been described as "as much a Chinese sign as the portrait of Chairman Mao overshadows Tiananmen Square."
In China they are often seen as a relic of the country's rural past, with younger mothers, especially in the cities, preferring to diaper their children instead. However, Western advocates of the communication removal methods of toilet training have demonstrated the advantages of their use, particularly that children complete their toilet training more quickly and at an earlier age. Other benefits claimed include the removal of diaper rash and the reduction of environmental problems caused by disposable diapers. Some Western parents even start putting their own children in my .
Video Open-crotch pants
Use
Toilet training begins very early in China, sometimes within a few days after birth and usually no more than a month. Often babies are held tightly by parents, grandparents or other extended family members who care for them, sensitive when they have to relieve themselves. A child who appears ready to urinate or defecate is held on a toilet or other container available if the bed is unreachable on time. Adults make a high-pitched whistle while holding a child in a letter b? (Mandarin: ? ), or assembly positions, a term sometimes used for the whole process, mimics the sound of flowing water or urine, to make the child relax the muscles - appropriate muscle.
The crotch pants are open when the child is first expelled from home. Most boys wear them; girls (and sometimes some boys) are put into baby-size baby clothes. Their use continues even after the user has gained some control over their bodily functions, as they may not yet have the necessary stature or motor skills to use the toilet. Conversely, when outdoors, they use a waste basket or large potted plants. If none is available, caregivers often allow children to use sidewalks or other available surfaces and clean it afterwards.
Maps Open-crotch pants
History
In 2003 The New York Times describes open crotch pants have been used in China for "decades". Seven years earlier, in his memoirs of Red China Blues, Chinese Canadian journalist Jan Wong speculated that their use evolved from a chronic shortage of cloth, soap and water. While the items are in short supply, "people do not" he wrote. "Someone is always available for ba Chinese baby."
Their usage continued during the 20th century when China was modernized in another way. Over the ensuing years of Mao Zedong's rule, my bright colors on the streets of Beijing offer a sharp contrast to the gray blue and gray color of adult clothing determined by the Cultural Revolution. Even after the economic liberalization promoted by Deng Xiaoping in subsequent decades and the further recognition of Western cultures and ideas, they are still used for most of the children in the People's Republic of China. When Wong, then a Chinese correspondent for Toronto
Manufacturers of Western consumer products, including disposable diapers, continue to push into the vast Chinese market. In 1998 the American company Procter & amp; Gamble (P & G) is able to introduce popular Pampers brands to China; competitors soon followed. However, Chinese parents at first did not see any reason to leave my kits for diapers, and the company struggled to gain market share. After reengineering the diapers to softer and sell them at a lower price than the one offered to them in the US, P & amp; G launched the "Golden Sleep" campaign in 2007 suggested by his market research, with ads claiming that babies sleep better. in diapers, which in turn can get better for their cognitive development.
Even before that, attitude began to change. In Pampers's five-year introduction, approximately $ 200 million disposable diapers are sold in China each year, and many manufacturers report their sales grow by double-digit percentages. One foreign manufacturer, Unicharm Japan, said in 2002 that the MamyPoko brand was so popular that it planned to build a factory in China to make it. Shifting attitudes has drastically reduced the use of open crotch pants - top-grade retailers no longer carry them, and Chinese parenting magazines describe babies wearing diapers exclusively.
Attitudes among the Chinese also changed. Mothers of Times spoke to 2003 dismissed my love as out of step with the growing middle class values ​​in China. "Separate pants? That's very ancient!" a Shanghai woman said. "It's not hygienic, it's bad for the environment, only the poor living on the farm use it." A Guangzhou woman quoted in China Daily a year later agreed, calling them "uncivilized". People who can afford diapers for their children do so, he insists, and the post-natal care center Beijing advises mothers to use diapers no matter what the cost.
Zhao Zhongxin, a professor of education at Beijing Normal University, said open groin pants have become an indicator of socioeconomic status in the new China. "The kids in the cities do not wear my clothes anymore, but the kids in the countryside are still doing it," he told China Daily. "This is the difference between the minds and living conditions of rural and urban communities," which, the paper adds, may also pay more attention to the city government's campaign for a cleaner public space overall, especially before the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. , which includes insistence on parents to change their children's diapers at least during the Olympics. A spokesperson for domestic diaper maker Goodbaby acknowledged to the newspaper that it was more difficult to cope with resistance to diaper use outside the city. "Some people, especially farmers, may think they are too wasteful."
Other mothers use open groin pants and diapers depending on the situation. In 2003 The Times reported that they are still often seen on hot days in Shanghai, although they are no longer present everywhere in such conditions. An Zhejiang woman who runs a fruit stall in the city told the newspaper that she dressed her son in just that weather, because it was more comfortable for her and reduced the risk of diaper rash. And a Beijing mother who spoke to her while she watched her son in a Beijing playground deny the resistance to the pants. "Even if people do not think it looks good, it's a minority opinion," he said. "This is a Chinese tradition."
By the end of the decade, Pampers has become the best-selling diaper brand in China. Foreign and domestic observers are just as confident as to predict my death kaid . In 2010 Brandchannel called them "faded memory." But reports from China at the beginning of the next decade suggested their continued use.
Advantages and disadvantages
Despite the increasing prevalence of diaper use, which became the $ 3 billion industry in the country by 2010, quite a number of Chinese parents are still using open groin pants, or considering doing so, to nurture a website in that language to list its benefits and disadvantages in order better. helping parents make informed decisions. Among the first is that its use offsets the inability of the baby to communicate, eliminating the need for scheduled toilet time and greatly reducing the need to wash dirty laundry. Most often cited is the ability to start and complete previous toilet training. Not infrequently babies in my room began toilet training before their first birthday and trained entirely around that milestone or shortly thereafter, before most of their Western counterparts even started. During his 1981 visit to Beijing's pre-school school, Fox Butterfield, later to become a Chinese correspondent for The New York Times, reported that he expressed skepticism from his conciliatory parenting experience over the possibility that children young can successfully toilet trained, only to have it immediately removed by the timely use of girls 14 months from the spittoon provided for him.
However, parents are warned that my love can become dirtier, leading to a higher risk of problems such as urethritis, cystitis and other complications of urinary tract infections. Children in it are also believed to be at risk of higher frostbite in the winter, and 163.com warns that boys with easy access to their open genitals "can easily develop bad habits." Goodbaby, a Shanghai-based diaper maker, listed some other issues with his open crotch pants on his website. In addition to medical, sanitary and environmental harm, he says that they show no respect for the privacy of the child and that he may in the future feel ashamed of the pictures he is wearing, especially as they become less common. While acknowledging that my love uses results only from different cultural values ​​rather than ignorance, it advises, "we must recognize stricter foreign practices and show more respect for children."
Wong, in his memoirs, described other negative side effects. In the early 1990s, he reported on the leading penis enlargement surgeon in China. Many of his patients are men who, like children on farm, suffer serious injuries to their organs as they squat in their open crotch pants in areas where dogs or pigs eat their own feces and animals bite the boy's penis in confusion. Some unmarried due to injury. "China desperately needs a Pampers factory, or at least the dog food industry," he wrote.
Finally, in his memoir of 1996 The Attic , artist Guanlong Cao recalled my parents' incidental benefits to his parents:
When [my sister] Chuen was three years old, she was still wearing an open crotch pants that revealed two banana pieces at the bottom. He likes to climb the wooden stairs that lean against the south window. The sloping roof outside the window was a constant temptation to her. But he was only allowed to climb three steps, stuck his head out, and peered into the world. As soon as her little legs move toward the fourth ladder, the slap at the bottom is guaranteed. In addition to the hygienic comfort, I consider this is another technical advantage of classic open crotch trousers.
Use in the West
When Chinese parents migrated from my kits to diapers, some Western parents went in the opposite direction, worried about the environmental impact of used diapers and the health effects on children. In his 2006 Free Diapers, Ingrid Bauer bemoans the successful marketing of diaper producers in China. "The traditional kaidangku has disappeared rapidly from the big cities in the last half decade and was quickly replaced by diapers... Aggressive advertisers create the impression that consumer products are far superior to what mothers do for thousands of years and urging parents to buy what they can barely buy, "he wrote.
Around the same time, inspired by the Chinese example, parents in the US and other Western countries began forming a "diaper-free" support group and practicing elimination communication toilet training in younger infants, using a whistling voice > to incite urination. Some that The New York Times was talking about in 2005 suggested they go to Chinatown town to buy crotch pants open for their own children. Western parents working in China also see my close use of kisangku, and in some cases decided to mimic Chinese methods in toilet training their own children.
See also
- Baby clothes
- Lampin, a kind of baby clothes once considered ancient but increasingly used
References
External links
- Related media with Open crotch pants on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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