Snowboard is a board where both feet are secured to the same board, wider than skiing, with the ability to glide over the snow. The width of the skateboard is between 6 and 12 inches or 15 to 30 cm. Snowboards are distinguished from monoskis by user attitudes. In monoskiing, the user stands with the foot in the direction of the journey (facing the end of the monoski/descending) (parallel to the long board axis), while in snowboarding, the user stands with the legs (more or less) to the longitude board. Users of such equipment may be referred to as snowboarder . Commercial launchboards generally require additional equipment such as bindings and special shoes that help secure the legs of a snowboarder, who generally ride in an upright position. This type of board is typically used by people in ski hills or resorts for leisure, entertainment, and competitive purposes in an activity called snowboarding.
Video Snowboard
Histori
In 1939, Vern Wicklund, at the age of 13, made a broken deck in Cloquet, Minnesota. The modified sled was nicknamed "bunker" by Vern and his friends. He, along with relatives Harvey and Gunnar Burgeson, patented the first snow board twenty-two years later.
However, a man by the name of Sherman Poppen, from Muskegon, MI, came up with what most considered the first "snowboard" in 1965 and called Snurfer (a mixture of "snow" and "surfer") who sold the first 4 "snurfers" to Randall Baldwin Lee from Muskegon, MI who works at Outdoorsman Sports Center 605 Ottawa Street in Muskegon, MI (owned by Justin and Richard Frey or Muskegon). Randy believes that Sherman takes old water skiing and makes it a snurfer for his bored children in the winter. He added bindings to keep their shoes safe. (Randy Lee, October 14, 2014) Snurfers commercially available in the late 1960s and early 1970s had no ties. The snowboarder holds a circular nylon lanyard attached to the front of the Snurfer, and stands on several rectangular U-shaped staples that are partially pushed onto the board but protrude about 1 cm above the board surface to provide traction even when packed with snow. Then the Snurfer model replaces the staples with a toothed rubber handle that runs along the length of the board (initially) or, subsequently, as a subrectangular bearing where the snowboarder will stand. It has been widely accepted that Jake Burton Carpenter (founder of Burton Snowboards) and/or Tom Sims (founder of Sims Snowboards) invented modern snowboarding by introducing bindings and steel edges to snowboards.
In 1981, several Winterstick team drivers went to France at the invitation of Alain Gaimard, marketing director at Les Arcs. After viewing the early films of the show, French skier/Augustin Coppey surfers Olivier Lehaneur, Olivier Roland and Antoine Yarmola made their first successful attempt during the winter of 1983 in France (Val Thorens), using primitive man-made clones from Winterstick. Starting with pure powder, skateboard-shaped wooden boards equipped with aluminum fins, laces and dog leashes, their technology evolved over the years to solid wood/composite fiberboard compacted with polyethylene insoles, steel edges and modified skis. This is more suitable for the mixed conditions encountered during snowboarding especially off-piste, but must return to the ski lift in full snow. In 1985, James Bond popularized snowboarding in the movie A View to a Kill. In that scene, he escaped from a Soviet agent who was skiing. The skateboard he used was from the debris of an exploding snowmobile.
At the same time, Snurfer turns into a snowboard on the other side of the iron curtain. In 1980, Aleksey Ostatnigrosh and Alexei Melnikov - two members of the only Snurfer club in the Soviet Union began to change the Snurfer design to allow jumping and improving controls on solid snow. Being completely unaware of the developments in the Snurfer/snowboard world, they attach a bungee strap to the Snurfer's tail which the rider can grab before jumping. Then, in 1982, they tied the foot that binds Snurfer. Binding is only for the hind legs, and has release capability. In 1985, after several iterations of the Snurfer binder system, Aleksey Ostatnigrosh made the first Russian snowboard. The board was cut from a single vinyl plastic sheet and had no metal edges. Binding is fitted with a central bolt and can rotate as it moves or is repaired at any angle. In 1988, OstatniGROsh and MELnikov started the first Russian snowboard manufacturing company, GROMEL.
In 1986, though still very few sports, commercial snowboards began to appear in leading French ski resorts.
In 2008, sales of snowboarding equipment was an industry of $ 487 million. In 2008, the average equipment ran about $ 540 including boards, boots, and bindings.
Maps Snowboard
Board type
The bottom or 'base' snowboard is generally made of UHMW and is surrounded by a thin steel strip, known as the 'edge'. Artwork was mainly printed on PBT using a sublimation process in the 1990s, but poor color retention and fading after moderate use moved the high-end producers to more durable materials.
Snowboards have several different styles, depending on the type of riding that is intended:
- Freestyle: Generally shorter with medium to soft flex. Snowboard freestyle has a mirror shovel on each end of the board. Freestyle snowboards usually have low backed bindings. Combine deep sidecut for fast/tight turns. Used in pipes and in parks on various leap and terrain features including box, rail, and urban features.
- Park/Jib (rails): Flexible and short to medium, twin-tip shape with double flex and outer positions to allow easy swap switching, and easy spinning, wider positions, with dulled edges used for skateboards - garden like a snowboard park.
- Freeride: Longer than freestyle and park boards. Being rigidly flexible and usually direction (versus twin-tip). Used from all-mountain to off-piste and backcountry riding, to 'extreme' large mountain descents - in different types of snow from groomed hard-packed snow to soft powdery snow.
- Powder: A very directed board that usually has a shaking nose and a tapered shape (the wider end of the tail).
- All-Mountain: Most common. A mixture of freeride and freestyle boards. 'Jack of all trades, master of none.' The twin forms are generally directional or directional (twin-tip and centered position but with more flexure on the front)
- Racing/Alpine: Long, narrow, rigid, and directional shape. Used for slalom and giant slalom races, these boards are designed to excel on well-arranged slopes. Most often driven by a plastic "hard" snowboard boot (similar to ski boots), but also rides recreation with soft boots, especially by riders in Europe.
- Separator board: A snowboard split into two lengths, allowing the bond to fast connect to the hinges that align it longitudinally across the board, allowing half the board to act as a cross-country skis. Used with removable skin at the bottom of the board, which is easy to glide forward in the snow but not backward, they allow snowboard to easily travel inland. Once the rider is ready to go down, the board can be easily reassembled.
Snowboards are generally built from hardwood cores flanked between several layers of fiberglass. Some snowboards incorporate the use of more exotic materials such as carbon fiber, Kevlar, aluminum (as the core structure of the honeycomb), and have incorporated piezo dampers. The front (or "nose") board is upside down to help the board slide over uneven snow. The back (or "tail") of the board is also reversed to allow the reverse (or "toggle") rise. Base (side board connecting ground) made of Polyethylene plastic. The two main types of basic constructs are extruded and sintered. The extruded base is a basic, low maintenance design that basically consists of a plastic base melted into its shape. The sintered base uses the same material as the extruded base, but first grind the material into a powder, then, using heat and pressure, prints the material into the desired shape. The sinter base is generally softer than the extrusion counterpart, but it has a porous structure that allows it to absorb wax. The absorption of this wax (along with the 'hot wax' done right), greatly reduces the surface friction between the base and the snow, allowing the snowboard to run over a thin layer of water. Snowboards with sintered base are much faster, but require semi-regular and more perishable treatment. The bottom edge of the snowboard is equipped with a thin steel strip, just a few millimeters in width. This steel edge allows the board to grab or 'dig into' hard snow and ice (such as ice skates), and also protects the internal structure of the board. The top of the board is usually an acrylic layer with some form of graphics designed to attract attention, showcase artwork, or serve a purpose similar to other forms of print media. Flite Snowboards, the original designer, pressed the first closed molding board from a garage in Newport, Rhode Island, in the mid-1980s. Snowboard topsheet graphics can be a very personal statement and many riders spend hours customizing the look of their boards. The top of some boards may even include thin inlay with other materials, and some are made entirely of epoxy-impregnated wood. Base boards can also display graphics, often designed in a way to make board makers recognizable in photos.
- See also: Board Construction
The design of Snowboard differs mainly in:
- Length - Boards for children as short as 90 cm (35 inches); boards for riders, or "alpine" riders, along 215 centimeters (85 inches). Most people ride boards in the range of 140-165 centimeters (55-65 inches). The length of the board is usually judged from the height of your chin. If the board is held next to the front of your body up to your chin then it is an acceptable length. Due to technological developments and new board shapes, people can now drive more board sizes. In contrast, the length of the snowboard fits primarily with the style, weight, and preference of the rider. A good rule of thumb is to stay within the recommended manufacturer weight range. The longer the board, the more stable the speed, but also more difficult to maneuver. Other factor riders consider when choosing a snowboard is the type of horseback it will be used for, the freestyle board is shorter than all the mountain boards.
- Width - Width is usually measured at the waist of the board, because the width of the nose and tail varies with sidecut and taper. Freestyle boards up to 28 centimeters (11 inches) wide, to help balance. Alpine boards usually have a width of 18-21 cm (7.1-8.3 inches), although they can narrow as high as 15 cm (5.9 inches). Most people board the board in the range of 24-25 centimeters (9.4-9.8 inches). Larger foot riders (US size 10 and larger) may have problems with narrower boards, because the toes and/or heels of the rider can extend to the edge of the board, and disrupt the board's ability to make turns after being installed in edge, or 'hung in the snow.' This is called toe/heel-drag, and can be cured by choosing a wider board (26 cm (10 inches) or more), adjusting the attitude angle, or a combination of both.
- Sidecut - The edge of the board is concretely symmetrical, so the width at the tip and tail is larger than the center. This curve helps to rotate and influence the board handling. The curve has a radius that may be short as 5 meters (16 feet) on a child's board or as large as 17 meters (56 feet) on the racer board. Most boards use a viewfinder range between 8-9 meters (26-30 feet). Shorter cider radios (faster bends) are commonly used to drive halfpipes while longer sidecut radius (wider spin) is used for riding freeride-alpine-racing. One of the new developments in sidecut is the introduction of Magne-Traction by Mervin, who produces: Lib Tech, GNU, and Roxy snowboards. Magne-Traction combines seven bumps on each side of the board that LibTech speculates will increase the edge retaining.
- Flex - The flexibility of the snowboard affects its handling and usually varies with the weight of the rider. Usually the harder flexs make harder rounds while the softer flexs make the board less stable at high speeds. There is no standard way to measure snowboard rigidity, but beginners and boarders that most rails tend to favor softer flexs, richer racers, and everyone else in between. Park riders who enjoy the most jumps tend to ride rigid twin boards.
- Tail and nose width - Many freestyle boards have the same nose/tail for the same performance from any direction. However, the freeride and alpine boards have a directional shape with wider and longer noses. Boards designed for powder conditions exaggerate even more difference for more flotation in powder.
- Camber - The basic curvature of snowboard affects handling and engraving. Typical modern snowboards have a curvature upwards of several degrees along the effective edge. Experiments have led to boards with rockers, or upward curvature, that make the board more butter and can increase the buoy inside the deep powder.
Board building
Among Climate Change, the winter sports community is a growing environmental group, which relies on snowy winters for their cultural survival. This movement, in part, was energized by a nonprofit organization named "Protect Our Winter" and legendary rider Jeremy Jones. It provides educational initiatives, support for community-based projects, and is active in climate discussions with governments. In addition to this organization, there are many other winter sports companies that see the next calamity and are trying to produce a less environmentally destructive product. Snowboard manufacturers adapt to declining supplies of oil and wood with clever designs.
- One company, Burton Snowboards, in 2007 used an interesting technique in their efforts to reduce valuable forest use. The nucleus, as mentioned above, is made of a thin honeycomb structure from Aluminum and they are called "Alumifly" boards. Now, one might argue that Aluminum production is a toxic process, however, Aluminum is now being praised for its prowess in recycling. This very abundant element is 100% recyclable (the ability to be recycled without loss of performance or material quality) and requires only 5% of the energy needed to make Aluminum from the ore. Considering all the current Aluminum, the snowboard cores can be easily made from recycled cans.
- Niche Snowboards, based in Salt Lake City Utah is another skateboard manufacturer that has completely revolutionized the industry. Established with a focus on the relationship between our material, our environment, and ourselves, the company has an incredible array of ecological councils. Their technologies include: recycled materials, sustainably harvested wood core, "hemphop stringer" (substitute carbon fiber), Magma Fiber (substitute fiberglass made from Basalt), Bio-resin (replacing petroleum-based alternatives), and bamboo topsheets./li>
When it comes down to it, "the least we're worried about is that skiers and snowboarders can not go play," said Jeremy Jones.
Boot
Most snow boots are considered soft shoes, though alpine snowboarding uses a louder boot similar to a ski boot. The main function of the boot is to transfer the rider's energy to the board, protect the rider with support, and keep the rider's legs warm. A snowboarder who is shopping for boots is usually looking for the right, flexible, and visible. Boots can have different features such as lacing styles, heat-molding liners, and padding gels that may also be searched for by snowboarders. Sacrifices include stiffness versus comfort, and built in front of a slim, rather than comfort.
There are three incompatible types:
- The standard (soft) boots fit the "streams" and "straps" of bindings and are by far the most common. No part of the special boot is attached to the board. Conversely, binding applies pressure in some places to reach the company's contacts. The soft shoe has a flexible outer boot and an inner bladder. Outside boots have soles that are trampled. The inner bladder provides support and helps keep the heels of your feet in place. The "Inner"
- Shoe has a metal buckle on the bottom to attach to the "step in" bindings. Booting must be in accordance with binding.
- Hard boots are used with special bindings. They are similar to ski skiers. Hard boots are heavier than soft shoes, and also have an inner bladder.
Bindings
Bindings are a separate component of the snowboard deck and are a very important part of the total snowboard interface. The main function of bindings 'is to hold the riders' boot in place tightly to transfer their energy to the board. Most bindings are attached to the board with three or four screws that are placed in the binding center. Although a rather new technology from Burton is called the Infinite channel system uses two screws, both on the outer side of the binding.
There are several types of bindings. Binding rope-in, step-in, and hybrid are used by most recreational riders and all freestyle riders.
Strap-in
This is the most popular binding on snowboarding. Before special snowboard boots existed, snowboarders use every means necessary to attach their feet to their snowboarding and get the leverage needed to spin. The typical shoes used in the early days of snowboarding are Sorels or snowshoes. These boots are not designed for snowboarding and do not provide the desired support for turning at the edge of a snowboard heel. As a result, early innovators like Louis Fournier understood the "high-back" binder design which was then commercialized and patented by Jeff Grell. Highback binding is a technology produced by most binding equipment manufacturers in the snowboarding industry. The leverage provided by highbacks greatly improves board control. Snowboarders like Craig Kelly adjust the plastic "tongue" with their boots to provide the same support to turn the sides that the highback is provided for the heel side of the heel. In response, companies like Burton and Gnu began offering "tongues".
With modern straps, riders wear boots that have thick but flexible soles, and soft tops. The legs are held onto a board with two straps of buckles - one tied at the top of the toe area, and one across the ankle area. They can be sealed tightly for tight control and good riders from the board. Ropes are usually soft to distribute the pressure more evenly in the legs. Although not as popular as binding two ropes, some people prefer binding three ropes to more specialized rides like carving. The third rope tends to give extra rigidity to the binding.
Binding cap-straps are the latest modifications that provide very tight fitting to the boot end, and the boots are safer in binding. Many companies have adopted different cap cap versions.
Step-in
The step-in system innovator produced prototypes and designed proprietary boot and binding systems with the aim of improving the performance of snow boots and bindings, and as a result, the mid-90s saw a booming step-in boom and boot development. The new company, Switch and Device, is built on new binding technology steps. The existing companies Shimano, K2 and Emery are also quickly marketing with new step technology. Meanwhile, the early market leaders Burton and Sims are seen absent from the step-in market. Sims was the first industry leader founded into the market by binding steps. Sims provides a step-in system license called DNR produced by the ski company's Marker Marker. Markers never fix a product that is finally stopped. Sims never goes back into the step-in market.
The risk of a commercial failure of a poorly performing Step-step poses a serious risk to an established market leader. This is evidenced by Airwalk who enjoys a 30% market share in the sales of snowboard boots when they begin the development of their step-in binding system. The Airwalk step-in System suffered serious product failures at the first dealer's demonstration, severely damaging the company's credibility and touting the declining position of the former company as the market leader in Snowboard boots. Snowboarding brands set up to find market share while reducing risk, buying proven step innovators. For example, the Vans snowboard boot company bought the company's Step-in Switch, while the company's step-in device was purchased by Ride Snowboards.
Although initially refused to expose themselves to the risks and costs associated with bringing a step-in system to the market, Burton chose to focus primarily on upgrading existing rope technology. However, Burton has finally released two step-in system models, SI and PSI, the Burton SI system enjoys moderate success, but never matches the performance of the company's in-line product and is never fixed. Burton never marketed any improvements to their step-in binding system and eventually stopped the product.
The most popular (and incompatible) step system uses unique and exclusive mechanisms, such as the steps produced by Burton, Rossignol, and Switch. Shimano and K2 use a technology similar to a clipless bicycle pedal. The step-in binding system of Burton and K2 Clicker is no longer produced because the two companies chose to focus on the rope fastening system. Rossignol remains the sole provider of a step-in binder system and offers it primarily to the rental market as most consumers and retailers are equally desperate by the lack of adequate industry development and support for step-in technology.
Speed ​​(hybrid) entry
There is also a proprietary system that seeks to combine the convenience of a step-in system with the level of control that can be achieved with a strap-in. An example is the Flow binding system, which is similar to a strap, except that the foot enters the binding through the back. The back flips down and allows the boot to glide in; it is then reversed and locked in place with a clamp, eliminating the need to loosen and then tightening the rope back every time the rider frees and then re-secures their hind legs. The rider's boot is held by an adjustable net that covers most of the legs. The New Flow model has a connected string in place of a net found on the old model; This rope can also be micro adjusted. In 2004, K2 released the Cinch series, the binding of similar back entries; riders slip their legs because they will tie the current, but rather than plait, the legs are pressed by the rope.
Highback
Support stiff behind the heel and calf area. The HyBak was originally designed by inventor Jeff Grell and built by Flite Snowboards. This allows the rider to apply pressure and the effect of "heel" turnover. Some ridges are rigidly vertical but provide some flexibility to rotate the rider's legs.
Plate
Plat bindings are used with hardboots in Alpine or racing snowboards. Extreme sculptors and some of the Boarder Cross racers also use border plates. Rigid bindings and boots give more control over the board and allow the carved board much easier than with softer bindings. Alpine snowboards tend to be longer and thinner with a more rigid flex for larger grips and better carving performance.
Snowboard bindings, unlike ski bindings, do not automatically release after being impacted or after a fall. With skiing, this mechanism is designed to protect from injuries (especially on the knees) caused by skis that are torn in various directions. Automatic release is not required in snowboarding, because the rider's feet remain in a static position and twisting knee joints can not occur at the same level. Furthermore, this reduces the dangerous prospects of boards sliding down the riderless, and the riders are slipping down their backs without the means to maintain grip on steep slopes. However, some ski areas require the use of a "strap" connecting the snowboard to the foot or the rider's shoes, in case the snowboard manages to escape from the rider. This is most likely when the rider lifts the board at the top or bottom of the run (or while on a chairlift, which can be dangerous).
A Noboard is an alternative snowboard binder with only a peeled pad and stick that is applied directly to the snowboard deck and without attachments.
Stomp pad
Stomp pads, which are placed between the bindings closer to the back of the binding, allow the rider to better control the board with only one boot tied up, such as when maneuvering to a chair lift, riding a ski crane or performing a single foot trick. While the top surface of the board is smooth, the stepped pad has a textured pattern that gives the handle to the bottom of the boot. Stomp pads can be decorative and vary in size, shape and type and the number of small spikes or friction points they provide.
Position
There are two types of stance-direction used by snowboarders. The "ordinary" attitude puts the rider's left leg in front of the snowboard. "Goofy", direction of opposite attitude, putting the driver's right foot in front, as in skateboarding. Regular is the most common. There are various ways to determine whether a rider is "ordinary" or "ridiculous". One method used for first-time riders is to observe the first step forward while walking or climbing the stairs. The first leg forward is the foot mounted in front of the snowboard. Another method used for first-time riders is to use the same legs as you kick the ball with your hind legs (though this can be an inaccurate sign for some people, because there are people who prefer to mess around though the right hand, and therefore naturally kicking football with their right foot). This is a great method for setting up a snowboard position for a new snowboarder. But having a surfing or skateboarding background will also help a person determine the desired position, though not all riders will have the same attitude with skateboarding and snowboarding. Another way to determine the rider's attitude is to get the rider running and gliding on the tile or wood floor, wearing only the socks, and observing the feet that a person puts forward during the slide. It simulates the movement of a snowboard and exposes that people tend to naturally place a certain foot forward. Another method is to stand behind the first timer and give them a boost, enough for them to put one foot forward to stop the fall. Another good way to determine which path you are going through is to hurry to a door (leading shoulder the same as the main leg) or go to a defensive boxing position (see which foot is advancing).
The most experienced riders are able to rise in the opposite direction of their usual position (ie the "regular" rider will lead with their right foot from their left foot). It's called riding "fakie" or "switching".
Wide position
Wide positions help determine the balance of the rider on the board. The size of the rider is an important factor as well as their riding style when determining the width of the right attitude. The common measurement used for the new rider is to position the binding so that the foot is placed slightly wider than the width of the shoulder. Other less orthodox forms of measurement can be done by uniting your legs and putting your hands, palms down, on the ground in a straight line with your body by squatting. This generally provides a good natural measurement for how broad the base your body uses to balance itself properly when the knee is bent. However, personal preference and comfort is an important and experienced rider will adjust wide positions for personal preferences. Skateboarders must find that skateboard boards and skateboard positions are relatively the same.
A wider attitude, common to freestyle riders, provides more stability when landing jumps or jibbing rails. Controls in a wider position will decrease when turning the runway. Conversely, narrow attitudes will give the rider more control when turning on the runway but less stable during freestyling. A narrow stance is more common for drivers looking for faster turn shifts (ie small radius change). A narrow stance will give the driver a concentrated stability between the bindings that allows the board to dig the snow faster than the wider position so the rider is less prone to wash.
Binding angle
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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