Julius Henry " Groucho " Marx ( ; 2 October 1890 - August 19, 1977) is an American comedian, writer , stage, film, radio, and television star. He is known as a fast intelligence expert and is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most talented comedians in America.
He made 13 big-screen movies with his brothers, Marx Brothers, among whom he was the third child. He also has a successful solo career, especially as the host of your Radio and Television game show You Bet Your Life .
His distinctive appearance, carried from his days in vaudeville, included quirks like excessive bending postures, glasses, cigars, and a thick greasepaint whiskers and eyebrows. These exaggerated features resulted in the creation of one of the most recognizable new and everyday disguises, known as Groucho goggles: a one-piece mask consisting of horn-rimmed glasses, large plastic noses, bushy eyebrows and whiskers.
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Julius Marx was born on October 2, 1890, in the district of Manhattan, New York City, New York. Marx states that he was born in a room above a butcher shop on East 78th Street, "Between Lexington & 3", as told to Dick Cavett in a 1969 television interview. Marx's children grew up on East 93rd Street on Lexington Avenue in the neighborhood now known as Carnegie Hill on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. The turn of the century called by his brother Harpo as "the first house they know" (in his memoir Harpo Speaks) is populated by European immigrants, mostly craftsmen. Just across the road are the oldest chocolate stones in the area, owned by the likes of the well-connected Loew Brothers and William Orth. The Marx family lived in this location "for about 14 years", Groucho also told Cavett.
The Marx family is Jewish. Groucho's mother was Miene "Minnie" Schoenberg, whose family came from Dornum in northern Germany when she was 16 years old. His father was Simon "Sam" Marx, who changed his name from Marrix, and was called "Frenchie" by his son all his life because he and his family came from Alsace in France. Minnie's brother is Al Schoenberg, who shortened his name to Al Shean when he entered the show business as half of Gallagher and Shean, a famous vaudeville act in the early 20th century. According to Groucho, when Shean visits, he will throw some local coins so that when he knocks on the door, he will be surrounded by fans who adore him. Marx and his brothers respected his opinion and asked him several times to write some material for them.
Minnie Marx has no career in the entertainment industry but has a strong ambition for her son to climb onto the stage like their uncle. While encouraging his eldest son Leonard (Chico Marx) in piano lessons, he discovered that Julius had a pleasant soprano voice and the ability to keep the key. Julius's early career goal was to become a doctor, but the family's need for income forced him out of school at the age of twelve. By that time young Julius had become a greedy reader, especially fond of Horatio Alger. Marx will continue to address the lack of formal education by being very well read.
After several stabbings at beginner level work and a job suited for teenagers, Julius climbed onto the stage as a male singer with Gene Leroy Trio, debuting at the Ramona Theater in Grand Rapids, MI on July 16, 1905. Marx supposedly claimed he was "very flat "as a vaudevillian, but this is typical of Marx, who strolled in its original form. In 1909, Minnie Marx had assembled his sons into an unusually prominent vaudeville singing group called "The Four Nightingales". The brothers of Julius, Milton (Gummo Marx) and Arthur (originally Adolph, from 1911 Harpo Marx) and other singer Lou Levy roamed the US vaudeville circuit with a bit of fanfare. After exhausting their prospects in the East, the family moved to La Grange, Illinois, to play in the Midwest.
After a very disappointing show in Nacogdoches, Texas, Julius, Milton, and Arthur started making jokes onstage for their own pleasure. To their surprise, the audience likes them better as comedians than as singers. They modified the popular Gus Edwards comedy gura of "School Days" and named it "Fun In Hi Skule". The Marx Brothers will be doing variations on this routine for the next seven years.
For a while in vaudeville, all the brothers performed using ethnic accents. Leonard, the oldest, developed an Italian accent that he used as Chico Marx to persuade some wanderers who wandered that he was Italian, not Jewish. Arthur, the next eldest, wore a curly red wig and became "Patsy Brannigan", a stereotypical Irish character. His discomfort when speaking onstage led Uncle Al Shean's suggestion that he stop talking altogether and play a role in pantomime. Julius Marx's character of "Fun In Hi Skule" is German, so Julius plays it with a German accent. After the sinking of RMS Lusitania in 1915, the public anti-German sentiment expanded, and the German Marx character was scorned, so he quickly dropped his accent and developed a sensible character-a quick talk that characterized him.
The Marx Brothers became the biggest comedy star of Palace Theater in New York, which claims to be "Valhalla of Vaudeville". The skill of making deals with Chico produced three hit songs on Broadway. No other comedy routines ever infect the Broadway circuit. All of these stage works precede their Hollywood career. By the time Marxes made their first film, they had become the main stars with sharp skill; and by the time Groucho is re-launched into a star on your Betting Your Life, he has performed successfully for half a century.
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Careers
Hollywood
Groucho Marx made 26 films, 13 of them with his brothers Chico and Harpo. Marx developed a routine as a traveling wander with a typical chicken-walking lane, an exaggerated greasepaint eyebrow and an ever-present cigar, improvising the humiliation of the dull intruder (often played by Margaret Dumont) and anyone who blocking his way.. As Marx Brothers, he and his brothers starred in a series of popular stage shows and movies.
Their first film was a silent film made in 1921 that was never released, and is believed to have been destroyed at the time. A decade later, the team made two of their Broadway hits - The Cocoanuts and Animal Crackers - into a movie. Other successful films are Monkey Business, Horse Feathers, Duck Soup, and A Night at the Opera. One satire from Marx relates to his response to Sam Wood, director of A Night at the Opera. Angry with the ad-libs and the antics of the Marx Brothers on set, Wood shouted in disgust: "You can not get an actor out of clay." Groucho replied, "Not the director of Wood."
Marx also works as a radio comedian and host. One of the earliest tasks was the short-lived series in 1932, the Crazy Wheel, the Shyster, and the Flywheel, the Chico bellows. Although most scripts and discs are deemed to have been destroyed, all but one script was discovered in 1988 at the Library of Congress. In 1947, Marx was asked to organize your Radio Betting quiz program. This was broadcast by ABC and then CBS before moving to NBC. Moved from radio to television on October 5, 1950 and lasted for eleven years. Filmed in front of the live audience, the show consisted of joking Marx with contestants and ad libling jokes before briefly questioning them. The show was responsible for popularizing the phrase "Tell me the secret word and the duck will come down and give me fifty dollars," "Who's buried in Grant's Tomb?" and "What is the color of the White House?" (asked to reward winners who lose entertainment prizes).
Throughout his career he introduced a number of memorable songs in the film, including "Hurray for Captain Spaulding" and "Hello, I Must Go", in Mustache, eyebrows and walking
In public and outside cameras, Harpo and Chico are hard to spot, with no wigs and costumes, and it's almost impossible for fans to recognize Groucho without his typical glasses, fake eyebrows, and whiskers.
Greasepaint's mustache and eyebrow originated spontaneously before the appearance of vaudeville in the early 1920s when he did not have time to apply the taped mustache he used (or, according to his autobiography, did not enjoy the removal of his mustache). every night because of the effect of tearing adhesive bandages from the same skin every night). After applying the greasepaint whiskers, a glimpse in the mirror showed her natural hair brows not so neat and incompatible with the rest of her face, so Marx added greasepaint to her eyebrows and headed for the stage. The absoluteness of greasepaint was never discussed on screen, but in the famous scene at Duck Soup, where both Chicolini (Chico) and Pinky (Harpo) disguised as Groucho, they were briefly seen applying greasepaint, implicitly answering every question a viewer might have about where he got his mustache and eyebrows.
Marx was asked to apply the greasepaint whiskers once more to your Bets of Your Life when it came to television, but he refused, choosing to grow the real one, which he wore for the rest of his life. By this time, his vision had weakened enough for him to really need a corrective lens; before that, his glasses are just stage stage. She debuted a new appearance, and is now much older, in Love i Love, Marx Brothers' last film as a comedy team.
He painted the old character's mustache over the original on some rare occasions, including a TV sketch with Jackie Gleason on the last variety show in the 1960s (where they performed variations on the song "Mister Gallagher and Mister Shean," co-written by uncle Marx Al Shean) and the movie Otto Preminger 1968 Skidoo . In the late 70s at the time, Marx said on his appearance: "I look like embalmed." He plays a mafia boss called "God" and, according to Marx, "both my performance and the movie was terrible!"
Exaggerated walking, with one hand on her small back and her body that bends almost 90 degrees at the waist is a parody of a trend from the 1880s and 1890s. The fashionable young men from the upper classes will influence the walk with their right hand holding fast to their base of thorns, and with a slight forward inclination at the waist and a slight touch to the right with the left shoulder, allowing the left hand to swing freely with gait. (Edmund Morris, in his biography The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, describes the young Roosevelt, newly elected to the State Assembly, walked to the House Chamber for the first time in this trendy and influenced fashion, somewhat to amusement for older and more rural members.) Groucho exaggerates this trend to some extent, and the comedic effect is enhanced by how this mode has been left behind in the 1940s and 1950s.
Personal life
Three of Groucho's marriages all ended in divorce. His first wife was Ruth Johnson's choir. He was 29 and 19 years old at the time of their marriage. The couple has two children, Arthur Marx and Miriam Marx. His second wife is Kay Marvis (m.1945-51), nÃÆ' Â © e Catherine Dittig, ex-wife of Leo Gorcey. Groucho aged 54 and Kay 21 at the time of their marriage. They have a daughter, Melinda Marx. His third wife is actress Eden Hartford.
During the early 1950s, Groucho described the perfect woman: "Someone who looks like Marilyn Monroe and speaks like George S. Kaufman."
Groucho was denied membership in an informal symphonietta of friends (including Harpo) hosted by Ben Hecht, as he could only play mandolins. As the group began its first training at Hecht's house, Groucho rushed in and demanded the silence of the "lousy amateur". Musicians found him performing the Los Angeles Symphony Orchestra in the opening performance for TannhÃÆ'¤user in Hecht's living room. Groucho was allowed to join the symphonietta.
Later, Groucho sometimes notes to talk to the host, not entirely joking, that he can not really insult anyone, because his target comment would assume that it was a Groucho-esque joke, and would laugh.
Although he lacked formal education, he wrote many books, including his autobiography, Groucho and Me <1959) and Memoirs of the Lover of the Mangosteen (1963). He is a friend of literary figures such as Booth Tarkington, T. S. Eliot and Carl Sandburg. Most of his personal correspondence with other people and figures is shown in The Groucho Letters (1967) with introductions and comments on letters written by Groucho, who donated his letters to the Library of Congress. Her daughter, Miriam, published her collection of letters to her in 1992 titled Love, Groucho.
Groucho made a serious effort to learn to play the guitar. In the 1932 movie Hatch Feathers, Groucho featured the theme of love for the movie "Everyone Says I Love You" for Thelma Todd's movie on Gibson L-5.
Irving Berlin quipped, "The world will not be like this, if Marx is Groucho, not Karl". In his book The Groucho Phile , Marx said, "I have been a liberal Democrat for the rest of my life," and "I frankly find better, more sympathetic Democrats.... I will continue to believe that Democrats have greater concern for ordinary people than Republicans do. "However, as did several other Democrats at the time, Marx also said in a television interview that he did not like the liberation movement of women.
Marx & amp; Lennon: The Parallel Sayings was published in 2005; this book records similar remarks between Groucho Marx and John Lennon.
Next year
Your Betting You
Groucho's radio career is not as successful as his work on stage and in film, although historians such as Gerald Nachman and Michael Barson stated that, in the case of the single season of Crazy Wheel, Shyster and Crazy Wheel 1932, failure may be a combination from a bad time slot and Marx Brothers' back to Hollywood to make another movie.
In the mid-1940s, during a sad break in his career (his Blue Ribbon Town radio show had failed, he failed to sell his proposed sitcom The Flotsam Family just to see it be big hit as The Life of Riley with William Bendix in the title role, and Marx Brothers as a movie player has passed his prime), Groucho is scheduled to appear on a radio show with Bob Hoping. Annoyed that he was made to wait in the green room for 40 minutes, Groucho airs with a bad mood.
Hope begins by saying "Why, Groucho Marx! (Applause) Groucho, what are you doing here in the desert?" Groucho replied, "Huh, desert, I've been sitting in the locker room for forty minutes! Some deserts are fine..." Groucho continues to ignore the script, and though Hope is a tough ad eraser in himself, he does not could start following Groucho, which extends the scene well beyond the time slot given with the improvised onslaught.
Listening to the show was producer John Guedel, who had a brainstorm. He approached Groucho about performing quiz shows, and Groucho painstakingly retorted, "Quiz show
You Bet Your Life debuted in October 1947 on ABC radio (aired from 1947 to 1949), sponsored by costume jeweler Allen Gellman; and then on CBS (1949-50), and finally NBC. The show was on the radio only from 1947 to 1950; on radio and television from 1950 to 1960; and on television alone, from 1960 to 1961. The show proved a great success, becoming one of the most popular on television in the mid-1950s. With George Fenneman as the announcer and the straight man Groucho entertains his audience with an improvised conversation with his guests. Because You Bet Your Life is largely ad-libbed and without script - although the authors pre-interview the guests and feed Groucho the pre-prepared lines - the producers insist the network initiate it rather than broadcast live. There are two reasons for this: prerecording provides Groucho with time to search for funny exchanges and any dead places that are intervened for editing; and secondly to protect the network, because Groucho is a well known and known loose gun. The television program lasted for a successful 11 ​​seasons until it was canceled in 1961. DeSoto's marque car is the main sponsor of the old. For the DeSoto ad, Marx sometimes says: "Tell them Groucho sent you," or "Try DeSoto before you decide."
The theme music event is an instrumental version of "Hurray for Captain Spaulding", which is becoming increasingly identified as Groucho's personal theme song. The song recording with Groucho and singer Ken Lane with an orchestra directed by Victor Young was released in 1952. Another record made by Groucho during this period was "The Funniest Song in the World", released on the Young People's Record label in 1949. This is series of five original children's songs with a narrative linking about monkeys and other zoo creatures.
The most famous speech of the event is said to have occurred when Groucho interviewed Charlotte Story, who had given birth to 20 children. When Marx asked why he chose to raise such a big family, Mrs. Story is said to have replied, "I love my husband"; which Marx opposes, "I love my cigar but I take it out of my mouth every now and then." The statement was considered too obscene to be aired, anecdotal, and edited before it was broadcast. Charlotte Story and her husband Marion, indeed parents of 20 children, were the real people who appeared on the program in 1950. Audio tapes from the interviews existed, and references to cigars were made ("With every new kid, do you go around out cigars? "), but there is no evidence of the famous line. Marx and Fenneman denied that the incident took place. "I get credit all the time for things I have never said," Marx told Roger Ebert, in 1972. "You know that line within You Bet Your Life? The person says he has seventeen children and I say, 'I smoke cigars, but sometimes I take them out of my mouth' I never say that. 'Marx's essay of 1976 tells the story as fact, but co-author Hector Arce relies heavily on the source - another source besides Groucho himself - who was in his mid-eighties, in poor health and mentally disturbed - and perhaps unaware that Groucho in particular has denied making legendary observations.
Other jobs
By the time you bet your life debuted on TV on October 5, 1950, Groucho has grown a real mustache (which he had previously done in Copacabana and Love films) Happy ).
During the 1958 tour of Germany, accompanied by Eden's wife, Melinda's daughter, Robert Dwan and Dwan's daughter Judith, he climbed a pile of debris marking the bunkers of Adolf Hitler, where Hitler's death was, and performed two-fifth Charleston. He later commented to Richard J. Anobile at The Marx Brothers Scrapbook, "There is not much satisfaction after he killed six million Jews!"
In 1960, Groucho, a devoted fan of the comic opera Gilbert and Sullivan, appeared as Ko-Ko, Lord High Executioner, in The Micado's television production on NBC's Bell Telephone Hour. The clip is currently playing at Classic Arts Showcase.
Another TV show, Tell It To Groucho , aired on January 11th, 1962 on CBS, but only lasted for five months. On October 1, 1962, Groucho, after acting as occasional guest host of The Tonight Show during the six-month interval between Jack Paar and Johnny Carson, introduced Carson as the new host.
In 1964, Marx starred in the episode "Time for Elizabeth" from Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theater, a truncated version of a drama that Groucho Marx and Norman Krasna wrote in 1948.
In 1965, Groucho starred in a weekly TV show titled Groucho , broadcast on ITV. This program is in line with You Bet Your Life , with Keith Fordyce taking on Fenneman role. However, it was poorly received and lasted only 11 weeks.
Groucho appeared as a gangster named Lord in the movie Skidoo (1968), directed by Otto Preminger, and starred in Jackie Gleason and Carol Channing. It was released by the studio where Marx Brothers started their film career, Paramount Pictures. The film received almost universal negative reviews. As an additional note, author Paul Krassner published a story in the High Times edition of February 1981, which tells how Groucho prepares LSD-themed films by taking a dose of medicine at the Krassner company, and has a moving experience, mostly fun.
Groucho made friends with rock star Alice Cooper - both photographed together for Rolling Stone magazine - and television host Dick Cavett, a regular guest on Cavett's late-night talk show, even appearing in a one-man interview, 90 minute. He befriended Elton John when the British singer lived in California in 1972, insisting on calling him "John Elton." According to author Philip Norman, when Groucho jokingly pointed his index finger as if holding a pair of six shooters, Elton John raised his hand and said, "Do not shoot me, I'm just a piano player," the naming of the album he just finished. Movie posters for Marx Bros. Go West are seen in the album cover photo as a tribute to Groucho. Elton John accompanies Groucho to the show Jesus Christ Superstar . When the lights went out, Groucho exclaimed, "Was it a happy ending?" And during the Crucifixion scene, he declared, "This must offend the Jews."
Groucho's previous work regained popularity; new books from written conversations published by Richard J. Anobile and Charlotte Chandler. In a BBC interview in 1975, Groucho mentioned his greatest achievement with a book selected for cultural preservation at the Library of Congress. In Cavet's 1971 interview, Groucho said that being published in The New Yorker by his own name, Julius Henry Marx, means more than all the dramas he presented. As a man who has never been in formal schooling, so that his writings are of cultural importance. is a tremendous point of satisfaction. As he passed his 81st birthday in 1971, however, Groucho became increasingly weak, physically and mentally, as a result of a small series of strokes.
In 1972, largely on the orders of his colleague Erin Fleming, Groucho held a one-man live performance at Carnegie Hall which was later released as a double album,
At the 1974 Academy Awards show, Marx's last major public appearance, Jack Lemmon presented him with an Honorary Academy Award for a standing ovation. The award also honors his brothers: "in recognition of his brilliant creativity and unrivaled achievements of Marx Brothers in the comedy art of film." Looking weak, Groucho bowed to his dead siblings. "I wish Harpo and Chico could be here to share this great honor for me," he said, calling the two dead brothers. He also praised the late Margaret Dumont as a straight woman who never understood his jokes. Groucho's final appearance was a short sketch with George Burns on Bob Hope's special television Joys (parody of the 1975 Jaws movie) in March 1976. His health continued to decline. next year; when his younger brother Gummo died at the age of 84 on April 21, 1977, Groucho was never informed for fear of further health raising.
Groucho maintained his unbearable humor till the end, however. George Fenneman, his radio and TV broadcaster, good-hearted people, and lifelong friends, often tells the story of one of his last visits to Groucho's house: When the time comes to end the visit, Fenneman lifts Groucho out of his wheelchair, around his body, and began to "walk" the weak comedian back and forth across the room to his bed. When he did, he heard a weak voice in his ear: "Fenneman," Groucho whispered, "you're always a bad dancer." When a nurse approached him with a thermometer during his last hospitalization, explaining that he wanted to see if he had the temperature, he replied, "Do not be silly - everyone has temperature." Actor Elliott Gould recalled a similar event: "I remember the last time I saw Groucho, he was in the hospital, and he has a hose in his nose and what you have," he said. "And when he sees me, he's weak, but he's there, and he puts his fingers in the tube and plays it like a clarinet, Groucho plays a tube for me, which makes me cry."
Death
Marx was hospitalized at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center with pneumonia on June 22, 1977 and died there more than a month later at the age of 86 on 12 August, four months after Gummo's death.
Groucho was cremated and his ashes buried in the Eden Memorial Cemetery in Los Angeles. He survived by three children and his younger brother, Zeppo, who lived longer than two years. The headstone did not have a tombstone, but in one of his last interviews he suggested one: "Sorry, I can not stand."
Prolonged trial trials over land disposition went well into the 1980s. Finally, Arthur Marx was awarded most property assets, and Erin Fleming was ordered to pay $ 472,000.
Legacy
Groucho Marx, and remains, the most famous and famous of the Marx Brothers. Characters and references like Groucho have appeared in popular culture both during and after his life, some aimed at audiences who may have never seen Marx Brothers movies. Groucho trademark goggles, noses, mustaches and cigars have become comedy icons - glasses with fake noses and whiskers (referred to as "Groucho glasses", "nose sunglasses," and other names) are sold by novelty stores and costumes around. World.
Nat Perrin, a close friend of Groucho Marx and author of several Marx Brothers films, inspired John Astin's portrayal of Gomez Addams in the 1960s TV series The Addams Family with whiskers, eyebrows, the same cynical, backward, and ever-present cigars (pulled from the breast pocket already on).
The encounter with Elton John caused a press photo of Groucho pointing both his index finger and thumb at Elton like a revolver. John's spontaneous response to raising his hand and replying, "Do not shoot me! I'm just a piano player!" so cute that Elton John reused it as the 1973 album title. An additional Marx tribute was that the poster for the Marx Brothers movie Go West was included in the cover art.
Two albums by British rock band Queen, A Night at the Opera (1975) and A Day at the Races (1976), were named after the films of Marx Brothers. In March 1977, Groucho invited the Queen to visit her at her home in Los Angeles; there they display "'39" acappella.
The long-term ad campaign for Vlasic Pickles features an animated stork imitating Groucho's behavior and sound. In Hollywood's famous Hollywood Sign, one of "O" is dedicated to Groucho. Alice Cooper contributed more than $ 27,000 to remodel the sign, to commemorate his friend.
Actor Frank Ferrante has featured as Groucho Marx on stage for over two decades. He continues to tour under the rights granted by the Marx family in an event titled "Night with Groucho" in theaters across the United States and Canada with supporting actor and piano player Jim Jimmton. In the late 1980s, Ferrante starred in Groucho at performances outside Broadway and London Groucho: A Life in Revue written by Groucho's son Arthur. Ferrante describes comedians from ages 15 to 85. The show was later filmed for PBS in 2001. In 1982, Gabe Kaplan filmed a version of the same show, titled Groucho .
The 1996 Woody Allen Musical Everyone Say I Love You , in addition to being named for one of Groucho's typical songs, ends with a New Year's Eve party themed Groucho in Paris, whose stars, including Allen and Goldie Hawn, attend Groucho costume complete. The highlight of this scene is the ensemble song and dance performance of "Hooray for Captain Spaulding" - all done in French.
The BBC rebuilt the radio situation comedy Flywheel, Shyster and Flywheel, with contemporary actors playing parts of the original cast. The series is repeated on the BBC7 digital radio station. Scottish drama writer Louise Oliver wrote a play titled Waiting for Groucho about Chico and Harpo waiting for Groucho to appear for their final joint project shoot. This was done by the Glasgow Rhymes theater company with Purple Productions in Edinburgh Fringe and in Glasgow and Hamilton in 2007-08. Groucho is played by Scottish actor Frodo McDaniel.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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