Calvin Klein Inc. is an American fashion house founded by designer Calvin Klein and childhood friend Barry K. Schwartz . The company is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City and is currently owned by PVH.
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Histori
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In 1968, Calvin Klein founded Calvin Klein Limited, a mantle shop at the York Hotel in New York City, for $ 10,000. The first collection of Calvin Klein is a series of "clothing and young dresses," featured in the New York City store, Bonwit Teller.
In September 1969, Klein appeared on the cover of Vogue magazine.
1970s
In 1971, Klein had added sportswear, classic blazer, and underwear to his ladies collection.
In 1973, he received his first American Coty Women Criticism Award for a collection of women's clothing consisting of 74 pieces of clothing - the youngest recipient at the time. Klein won the award again in 1974 and 1975. In 1977, annual revenue has increased to $ 30 million (equivalent to $ 121 million in 2018), and Klein has licenses for scarves, shoes, belts, animal fur, sunglasses , and sheets. Klein and Schwartz make $ 4 million each. After the company signed a license for cosmetics, jeans, and menswear, Klein's annual retail volume is estimated at $ 100 million (equivalent to $ 404 million in 2018). In 1978, Klein claimed the sale of 200,000 pairs of famous jeans the first week they were in the market. In 1981, Fortune estimated Klein's annual income was $ 8.5 million. By the mid-1970s, he had invented the designer-a crazy jeans by putting his name in his back pocket. Klein's design assistant at the time, Jeffrey Banks, had claimed credit for the logo outfit, stating that he had a logo from a silkscreened press folder to a brown sleeve as a gift to Klein. The prize is assumed by Schwartz to be part of the forthcoming line, and a similar logo shirt forms a uniform for front-of-house staff at the next Klein catwalk event, leading to buyer demand.
In the late 1970s, the company also made efforts to regulate its own fragrance and cosmetic lines, but soon withdrew from the market with huge financial losses. In the 1980s, when the designer-jeans of madness peaked over time, Calvin Klein introduced a line of highly successful shorts for women and a collection of men's underwear that would then earn $ 70 million in one year. Calvin Klein's clothing business was promoted later in the 1990s with a giant billboard featuring images of pop singer Mark "Marky Mark" Wahlberg, becoming so successful that his underwear became commonly known as "Calvins". 1980s-1985: Underwear in 1980s-1985: Underwear
In the early 1980s, Klein changed the American market of men's clothing - one in which mostly white men's clothing, purchased in packs of three by "wife, mother or girlfriend when they had to" to one place "American men [care] something rarely seen ".
The amazing growth continued into the early eighties. The license program, which earned $ 24,000 when it started in 1974 (equivalent to $ 119,093 in 2017), had a royalty income of $ 7.3 million ten years later (equivalent to $ 17.20 million in 2018). That year, worldwide retail sales are expected to reach more than $ 600 million (equivalent to $ 1413.32 million in 2018). Klein Clothing is sold through 12,000 stores in the United States and is available in six other countries through licensing agreements, Canada, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Annual income reached $ 12 million (equivalent to $ 28.27 million in 2018).
Financial issues increased pressure from all parties, disputes with license holders of the menswear line and disappointing sales and huge employee turnover both within Calvin Klein and its licensors led to the first rumor that Calvin Klein Industries, as a company known at the time , has been sold. And indeed, by the end of 1987, it was said that the sale of the company to Triangle Industries, a container maker, only failed because of a collapsed stock market.
Although the company nearly faced bankruptcy in 1992, Calvin Klein managed to regain and increase the profitability of his kingdom throughout the 1990s, primarily through the success of the highly popular underwear and fragrance lines, as well as the ck sports line. During the 1990-1995 duties as head of the design of Calvin Klein's men's clothing, John Varvatos pioneered a kind of menswear called boxer pants, shorts and shorts and boxer shorts. Created famous for a series of print ads of 1992 featuring Mark "Marky Mark" Wahlberg, they have been called "one of the greatest clothing revolutions of the century." Klein was named the "Best American Designer" for his minimalist design in America in 1993, and it was surprising in 1999 when it was announced that CKI would be sold again. Planning to expand its business, the company has been approached by two luxury goods companies, LVMH and Pinault Printemps Redoute, to join Calvin Klein, but no results. Other potentials such as Tommy Hilfiger Corp and Holding in Partecipazioni Italy proved to be a similar disappointment because of the steep CKI price that should have been $ 1 billion. After seven months and no potential buyers, Klein announced that his empire was no longer in the market. The company can never go public, which should be Klein's plan once.
2002-present: Acquisition by Phillips van Heusen
In mid-December 2002, Calvin Klein Inc. (CKI) was sold to Phillips Van Heusen Corp (PVH), which then CEO Bruce Klatsky was the driving force behind the deal, about $ 400 million in cash, $ 30 million in stock as well. as licensing rights and royalties are linked to revenues over the next 15 years that are estimated at $ 200 to $ 300 million. Sales also include ongoing personal financial incentives for Klein based on the future sale of the Calvin Klein brand.
PVH beat VF Corp., a Lee and Wrangler jeans maker, also interested in CK jeans, underwear and bathing suits controlled by Warnaco Group, swimwear maker Speedo in the US since 1997. The PVH deal does not include this business, and they stay with Warnaco. Unable to pay debts from acquisitions and licensing agreements and due to bad publicity by the lawsuit then dismissed with Calvin Klein for the sale of licensed products to retailers other than those agreed with Calvin Klein, Warnaco had filed for Chapter 11 protection in mid 2001 but eventually emerged from bankruptcy in February 2003.
The transaction between Calvin Klein and PVH is financially supported by Apax Partners Inc., a New York private equity firm, said to have invested $ 250 million in preferred PVH conversion shares, and $ 125 million, two years of secure records, all in exchange for seats on the PVH board.
CKI became a wholly owned subsidiary of PVH. Initially, Klein himself, who was included as a person in the 15-year contract he signed with PVH, remained the creative head of the collection but then continued as an advisor (consultant creative director) to a new company from 2003 and has since been more drawn from business. Barry K. Schwartz is said to be concentrating on his role as chairman of the New York Racing Association, a horse racing club. The current President and COO of the CKI division in PVH is Tom Murry, who has filled this position prior to the acquisition.
After the acquisition of Calvin Klein, Phillips-Van Heusen announced plans to launch a new sports collection that rivals the Ralph Lauren collection. This line is produced by Van Heusen.
By deploying the 2006 Collection runway presentation in New York City, the CKI inaugurated an 8,600 m² (ft) showroom that can accommodate up to 600 people on the ground floor of 205 West 39th Street, in Times Square South where Calvin Klein is headquartered since 1978.
In its 2010 report, PVH, which manages ready-to-use activities, has forecast sales of EUR4.6 billion of Calvin Klein products.
In February 2013, the Warnaco Group was acquired by PVH that brings together Calvin Klein formal wear, underwear, jeans, and sportswear.
Maps Calvin Klein
Products and marketing
Products & amp; brand history
The most visible brand names in Calvin Klein's portfolio include:
- Calvin Klein Collection (black label, top class designer)
- ck Calvin Klein (gray label, recently re-positioned as a bridge-collection lane, licensed to Warnaco Group, Inc. until at least 2044. PVH acquired Warnaco Group in February 2013)
- Calvin Klein (white label, base mode, better sports line)
- Calvin Klein Sport (sports version of the white label for Macy's)
- Calvin Klein Jeans (denimwear line: licensed to Warnaco Group at least until 2044. PVH acquires Warnaco Group in February 2013)
- Calvin Klein House (upscale bedding, towels, bath rugs and accessory collection)
- Khaki Collection (high to high bedding fixtures, towels, bath rugs and accessories) was discontinued in 2008
- Calvin Klein Golf (launched in late 2007)
- Calvin Klein Clothing (underwear collection; licensed to Warnaco Group at least until 2044. PVH acquired Warnaco Group in February 2013)
- CK one Lifestyle brand (fragrances, underwear, jeans-launched 2011)
- Calvin Klein Watch Watch (watches launched in 1997, jewelry of 2004)
For details, see Current Brands and licenses.
Fragrances
Calvin Klein has a variety of perfume and cologne lines, including Obsession and Eternity. Until May 2005, their perfumes and corresponding fragrance lines are maintained by Calvin Klein Cosmetics Company (CKCC), a Unilever company. Cosmetic giant Coty, Inc. from New York purchased a fragrance licensing agreement from Unilever.
Ads
Initial advertisement was shot by Bruce Weber and Richard Avedon. One of the men's underwear models, Mark Wahlberg, later renowned as hip hop star "Marky Mark", launches himself into the Hollywood scene to become an actor today. Another Hollywood star who first appeared in Calvin Klein commercials was Antonio Sabato Jr. Calvin Klein hired Kate Moss early in his career in the early 1990s and in 2002 after allegations of cocaine use. Other models that appeared in ads early in their careers were Natalia Vodianova, Scott King, and Toni Garrn. Currently Calvin Klein uses Tyson Ballou and Lara Stone, and in the past also used Christy Turlington, Jerry Hall, Patti Hansen, Tom Hintnaus, David Agbodji, Travis Fimmel, Doutzen Kroes, Anden Mini, Garrett Neff, Sean O'Pry, Edita Vilkeviciute, Jamie Dornan, Liu Wen, Edward Furlong and Vladimir Ivanov. Fit Models include Dale Noelle. Actors such as Eva Mendes, Mehcad Brooks, Scarlett Johansson, Kellan Lutz, Andie MacDowell, Alexander Skarsgard, Zoe Saldana, Rita Ora, Rooney Mara and Diane Kruger have also been selected to model for the brand. Swedish footballer Freddie Ljungberg starred in a series of ads for the company. Recently, singer Justin Bieber appeared in ads for various Calvin Klein underwear, as did fashion model Kendall Jenner.
They have also experimented with new technology. When advertising cKone perfume in 1999, they placed an e-mail address in a print ad, aimed at teenagers. When these teenagers send these addresses, they will be placed on a mailing list that sends them a letter with vague details about the lives of the models, with fake details meant to make it more linkable. These letters come at unexpected intervals and should give the reader the feeling that they have some connection with these characters. Although the mailing list was suspended in 2002, the campaign has inspired similar marketing tactics for film and other retail products.
Branding
Like other fashion brands, Calvin Klein forms a monogram: the "ck" symbol.
License
In 2012, the top three licensees are:
- Warnaco Group - 40% royalty license, which is "about $ 100 million"
- Coty - 12% of the license royalty
- G-III Apparel Group - 14% of license royalty
Internet
In 2004, the company purchased the CK.com domain name. Calvin Klein is one of the few companies around the world to have a two-letter domain name.
Designer
When Calvin Klein was acquired by PVH Corp in 2003, Francisco Costa was appointed Creative Women Director of the Calvin Klein Collection. The creative director for Calvin Klein Collection for women is a Brazilian-born Francisco Costa who has worked with Klein immediately before the company's founding departures. Costa has taken over the job in 2003.
Italo Zucchelli, former designer Jil Sander and Romeo Gigli, has collaborated with Calvin Klein for six seasons before he became head of Men's Creative Director designer from the men's clothing line Calvin Klein Collection in spring 2004.
Kevin Carrigan, an Englishman, creative director of Calvin Klein, and Calvin Klein (white label), Calvin Klein Jeans and Calvin Klein Apparel brands and their licensed products. Carrigan has been with Calvin Klein since 1998.
In April 2016, it was announced that Francisco Costa and Italo Zucchelli would leave the company.
In August 2016, Calvin Klein, Inc. announced the appointment of Raf Simons as the Chief Creative Officer of the brand, overseeing all aspects of design, global markets and communications, and creative visual services. Mr. Simons takes the Calvin Klein brand's creative strategy globally across ready-to-use companies, bridges, sportswear, jeans, underwear, and home lines. Pieter Mulier was also announced as the Creative Director, reporting directly to Mr. Simons and responsible for carrying out Mr. Creative's vision and design. Simons for ready-made clothing, bridges, and better and ready-to-wear clothing for men and women. It was also announced that Kevin Carrigan would leave the company. The first collection of Simons debuted for the fall of 2017.
In December 2016, it was announced that Amy Mellen would leave the company.
In January 2017, it was announced that ClÃÆ'Â © mande Burgevin Blachman would serve as Vice President of Design for Calvin Klein Home.
Company
Shop
- Calvin Klein Collection
In the late 1990s, the company opened elegant Calvin Klein Collection shops in Paris, Seoul and Taipei as well as ultra high-end cK Calvin Klein stores in Hong Kong, Milan and Kuwait City. To this day, there is only one Calvin Klein Collection store operated by CKI. Located in New York City. Of the two existing Calvin Klein Collection stores in the US, Dallas's 20-year-old Highland Park Village location was closed in mid-2005. The only international location, in Paris, was closed by PVH in March 2006. The New York store, which works as the company's premier store at 654 Madison Ave., remains open today. Partners maintain Calvin Klein Collection stores in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Mumbai, Seoul, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Dubai, and Qatar.
- Calvin Klein (white label)
The specialty retail store Calvin Klein, designed by the New York Lynch/Eisinger/Design architecture company has been opened at Lenox Square in Atlanta, Beverly Center in Los Angeles; now closed, Cherry Creek Mall in Denver; now closed, Natick Collection in Natick, MA; closing on July 25, 2010, The Mall at Partridge Creek in Michigan; now closed, Aventura Mall in Aventura, Florida, South Coast Plaza in Costa Mesa California. An additional eight stores also designed by Lynch/Eisinger/Design will open in 2008. There are also some Calvin Klein Outlet stores, mostly located inside mall factory outlets in the US, selling white label sportswear and occasionally white Calvin Klein label with cheaper price but do not carry the collection line. It has been reported that Calvin Klein will close all White Label locations within the next year.
- Calvin Klein Jeans
Calvin Klein Jeans shops exist all over the world. Among many other countries in the UK, Germany, Greece, Russia, Brazil, MÃÆ'Ã… © xico, Croatia, Egypt, Chile, Argentina, India, Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand. They also offer franchisees and opened in Cali last year.
- Calvin Klein Apparel
Calvin Klein Signature boutiques can be found in Buenos Aires, Cardiff (as of April 2011), Mexico City, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Melbourne, Hong Kong, London, Manchester, Manila, New York City, Shanghai, Singapore, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Toronto and Hatfield, Metropolis in Metrotown in Burnaby, BC (Metro Vancouver).
- Department Store
Major department stores in the US, including Macy's, Lord & amp; Taylor and Nordstrom, as well as many small independent stores carrying ck collections, white labels and/or Jeans. Several high-end department stores, such as Bergdorf Goodman, Saks Fifth Avenue, and Neiman Marcus also carry the Calvin Klein Collection. Leading retailers in the UK offer Calvin Klein including shops such as John Lewis, Debenhams and KJ Beckett. In Australia, the dominant retailer is Myer. Calvin Klein products are also found online with a special internet focus to sell Calvin Klein underwear and fragrances.
- Europe and Asia
In Europe, Calvin Klein is mainly known for its underwear, accessories and perhaps a Collectible business, not for the midrange sports line available in selected high-end retail stores. In Asia, there are also Calvin Klein's signature shops that carry a diffusion line, aka gray labels including women's clothing, menswear, accessories.
Controversy
In 1980, Richard Avedon photographed and directed the Calvin Klein Jeans campaign featuring the fifteen-year-old Brooke Shields. Some of the ads were banned, including the well-known commercials where Brooke asked, "Do you want to know what's going on between me and my Calvinists?
The 1995 ad promotes the jeans of Calvin Klein receiving criticism for being "kiddie porn".
In August 2012, Lululemon Athletica filed a lawsuit against Calvin Klein and supplier of G-III Apparel Group for breach of three Lululemon design patents for yoga pants. The lawsuit is somewhat unusual as it involves a designer who seeks to assert the protection of Intellectual Property Rights in clothing through patents. On November 20, 2012, Lululemon filed a voluntary dismissal notice in the Delaware court pursuant to a personal settlement agreement reached between the parties that would refuse the lawsuit. According to Lululemon's press release, "Lululemon respects its products and IP rights and takes the necessary steps to protect its assets as we look at efforts to reflect our products."
However, according to the Chevalier brand, Luxury Brand Management, Klein "rarely gets involved in the design and development of products that bear his name" and "all activities are subcontracted to licensees."
In 2014, Klein was criticized for the appointment of Myla Dalbesio in "Perfectly Fit" which offends many women as it is made for plus size
See also
- Sex in ads
References
External links
- Official website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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