Footwear refers to the clothes worn on the feet, which initially serve for the purpose of protection against environmental difficulties, usually regarding texture and soil temperature. Footwear by way of shoes therefore mainly serves the purpose to ease the movers and prevent injury. The second shoe can also be used for fashion and jewelry as well as to show the status or rank of people in the social structure. Socks and other socks are usually worn between legs and other footwear for more comfort and relief.
Cultures have different habits regarding footwear. This includes not using anything in some situations, usually bringing symbolic meaning. However it can also be imposed on certain individuals to place them at a practical disadvantage to shind people, if they are excluded from having available footwear or forbidden to use anything. This usually occurs in breeding situations, such as imprisonment or slavery, where clusters among others are clearly separated by whether or not footwear is worn. In these cases the use of footwear categorically indicates the use of force for not wearing footwear, which clearly indicates inferiority.
Footwear was used since the earliest human history, archaeological findings about complete shoes came from the era of copper (about 5,000 BC). Some ancient civilizations, such as Egypt but did not see the practical need for footwear because of the climatic situation and comfortable landscapes and using shoes mainly as ornaments and symbols of power.
The Romans saw clothing and footwear as a sign of strength and status in society, and most Romans wore footwear, while slaves and peasants remained barefoot. The Middle Ages saw the appearance of high heels, also related to power, and the desire to look bigger than life, and artwork from that period often depicted bare feet as a symbol of poverty. The depiction of prisoners such as prisoners or slaves from the same period until the 18th century shows that individuals barefoot almost exclusively, in this case in contrast to the person in charge at the scene. Officials such as prosecutors, judges, but also slave owners or passive viewers are usually depicted wearing shoes.
In some cultures, people take off their shoes before entering the house. Naked feet are also seen as a sign of humility and respect, and adherents of many religions worship or mourn at barefoot. Some religious communities explicitly require people to take off shoes before they enter a sacred building, such as a temple.
In some cultures people shake off their shoes as a mark of respect for someone with a higher rank. In the same context of deliberately forcing others to barefoot while aloof has been used to clearly exhibit and convey the superiority of a person in the setting of power disparities.
A shoe-making practitioner is called a shoemaker, cobbler, or cordwainer.
Video Footwear
Histori
During the Middle Ages, men and women wore pattens, commonly seen as the forerunner of modern high heels, while the poor and lower classes in Europe, as well as slaves in the New World, were usually barefoot. In the 15th century, chopines were created in Turkey, and typically 7-8 inches (17.7-20.3 cm) high. These shoes became popular in Venice and throughout Europe, as a status symbol revealing wealth and social standing.
During the 16th century, royal families such as Catherine de Medici and Mary I of England began wearing high heels to make them look taller or bigger than life. In 1580, men also wore it, and someone with authority or wealth could be described as, well munged . In modern society, high heels are part of women's fashion and are widespread in certain countries around the world.
Maps Footwear
Materials
Modern footwear is usually made of leather or plastic, and rubber. In fact, leather is one of the original materials used for the first shoe version. Soles can be made of rubber or plastic, sometimes have a metal sheet inside. Roman sandals have a sheet of metal on the palm so it will not bend.
Recently, footwear providers such as Nike, have started source of environmentally friendly materials.
Components
Type
Boot
- Shoes
- Chukka shoes
- Combat Shoes
- Cowboy boots
- Fashion Shoes
- Go-go shoes
- Hiking boots
- Curly Shoes
- Motorcycle boots
- Mukluk
- Platform shoes
- Horse riding
- Russian boots
- Derby shoes
- Thigh longs
- Tabi boot
- Ugg shoes
- Valenki
- Veldskoen
- The Waders
- Wellington boots
- Winklepicker
Shoes
- Shoes
- Athletic shoes (also known as trainers or athletic shoes)
- Crawling brothels
- Court shoes (known in the US as pumps)
- Diabetic shoes
- Espadrilles
- Galosh
- Cat shoe right
- Lace shoe
- Derby Shoes
- Oxford Shoes
- Brogues
- Blucher Shoes
- High peak
- Loafer
- Mary Janes
- Moccasins
- The Priory
- Mules
- Platform shoes
- School shoes
- Skate shoes
- Shoes
- Tap shoes
- Toe Shoes
Sandals
- Sandals
- Kolhapuri Chappals
- Peshawari chappal
- Thongs
- Slide
- WÃÆ'¶rishofer
- Avarca, from the Balearic Islands
Indoor footwear
- Sandals
- Socks
Specific footwear
- Ballet shoes
- High-heeled footwear
- Climbing shoes
- Clogs
- Ball shoes
- Sabaton
- Shoes security
- Ski Shoes
- Snowshoes
- Surgical Shoes
- Pointe shoes
- Swimfins (fins)
Traditional footwear
- Abarka, from the skin, from the Pyrenees
- Areni-1 Shoes, 5,500 year old leather shoes found in Armenia
- Bast boots, tree bark, from Northern Europe
- Crakow, Polish shoes with popular long toes in the 15th century
- Galesh, textiles, from Iran
- Geta, from wood, from Japan
- Klompen, from wood, from the Netherlands
- Opanci, from skin, from Balkan
- Pampooties, hide, from Ireland
Socks
- Socks
- Leg Bracelet
- Bobby sock
- Diabetic socks
- Cloth socks
- Footwraps
- Highest knee
- Socks
- Tabi
Footwear industry
In Europe, the footwear industry has declined in recent years. Whereas in 2005, there were about 27,000 companies, in 2008 there were only 24,000. As well as the number of companies, direct employment has declined. The only factor that remains nearly stable is the added value of factor costs and production values.
In the US, annual footwear industry revenue is $ 48 billion in 2012. There are about 29,000 shoe stores in the US and the shoe industry employs about 189,000 people. Due to increased imports, these numbers are also declining. The only way to stay in the shoe market is to establish a presence in the niche market.
Security of footwear products
To ensure high quality and safety shoes , manufacturers must ensure all products comply with existing and relevant standards. By producing footwear in accordance with national and international regulations, the potential risks can be minimized and the interests of textile and consumer manufacturers can be protected. The following standards/regulations apply to footwear products:
- CPSIA
- Standard GB like
- GB20400-2006 Skin and fur-border of hazardous material
- QB/T1002-2005 Shoes leather
- GB/T 15107 Athletic footwear
- EN Standards for Footwear
- ASTM Standards
- ISO Standard
- List of AAFA Restricted Substances
- India: IS 15298-I: Test method 2011, IS 15298 -II for safety footwear IS 15298-III Footwear Protector, IS 15298-IV Footwear Works
See also
References
Further reading
- Goonetilleke, R.S. (2012). The Science of Footwear . Human Factors and Ergonomics. Taylor & amp; Francis. ISBN: 978-1-4398-3568-5. Ã, 726 pages.
- Wilcox, R.T. (2008). Footwear Mode: A Historical Survey with 53 Plates . Dover Fashion and Costumes Series. Dover Publication. ISBN 978-0-486-46761-0. Ã, 190 pages.
- Riello, G. (2006). The Legs of the Past: Consumers, Manufacturers and Footwear in the Eighteenth Century . Pasold's study in textile history. Pasold Research Fund/Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929225-7. Ã, 302 pages.
External links
- Britannica: clothing and footwear industry
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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