Fraunces Tavern is a famous museum and restaurant in New York City, located at 54 Pearl Street on the corner of Broad Street. Locations played an important role in history before, during and after the American Revolution, served as a base for George Washington, a place for peace negotiations with Britain, and federal housing offices in the Early Republic. It has been owned since 1904 by Revolutionary Children in New York State Inc., which reconstructs the ultimate guess, and claims it is the oldest surviving building in Manhattan. The museum interprets the building and its history, along with numerous art exhibits and artifacts. The tavern is a tourist site and part of the American Whiskey Trail and New York Freedom Trail.
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New York Mayor Stephanus van Cortlandt built his home in 1671 on the site but retired to his palace on the Hudson River and gave the property in 1700 to his son-in-law, Etienne "Stephen" DeLancey, a French Huguenot who had married Princess Van Cortlandt, Anne. The DeLancey family competes with the Livingston family for the leadership of the New York Province.
DeLancey built the current building as a house in 1719. The small yellow bricks used in its construction were imported from the Republic of The Netherlands and large mansions were ranked high in the province due to their quality. His heirs sold the building in 1762 to Samuel Fraunces who turned the house into a popular tavern, first named the Chief Queen.
Before the American Revolution, the building was one of the secret meeting places of the community, the Liberty Children. During the tea crisis caused by the British Parliament of the Tea Act of 1765, the patriots forced a British naval captain who tried to bring tea to New York to give a public apology in the building. The patriots, disguised as American Indians (like they were from Boston Tea Party), then threw the tea cargo ship to New York Harbor.
In 1768, the New York Chamber of Commerce was founded by a meeting in the building.
Revolution
In August 1775, Americans, notably 'Hearts of Oak' - a college student militia of Kings College, where Alexander Hamilton was a member - took over the cannon from an artillery battery in Manhattan's southern point and fired on HMS Asia The Royal Navy responded by firing a 32-pistol flyer in town, sending a cannon ball through the roof of the building.
When the war was all won, the building was the meeting place of the "British-American Investigation Council", which negotiated to assure American leaders that there was no "American property" (meaning former slaves released by the British for their military services) were allowed to leave with British troops. The council members reviewed the evidence and testimony given by freed slaves every Wednesday from April to November, 1783, and British representatives managed to ensure that almost all blacks of New York loyalists retained their freedom and could be evacuated with "Redcoat" when they left if desired.
Washington Washington's separation for its officers
After British troops evacuated New York on November 25, the store hosted a week later, an intricate "turtle dinner" dinner on December 4, 1783, in the Long Room of the building for US General George Washington where he said goodbye to its officers. The Continental Army says "[w] with a heart of love and gratitude, I am now taking time off from you, I am most hopeful that your last days will be prosperous and happy because your ex has been honorable and honorable." Because he then asks to take each of his officers by hand for personal words.
Post Revolution
In January 1785, New York City became the center of the Confederate Congress, the central government of the country under the "Confederate Budget and Eternal Unity". The Department of Foreign Affairs, Finance and War have their offices at Fraunces Tavern.
With the ratification of the US Constitution in March 1789, the department of Confederate Congress became the federal department, and New York City became the first official national capital. The inauguration of George Washington as the first President of the United States took place in April 1789. Under the Housing Act of July 1789, the Congress moved the national capital to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for a period of 10 years, while a permanent national capital was being built in what is now Washington, DC The federal department vacated their offices in the building and moved to Philadelphia in 1790.
Maps Fraunces Tavern
the 19th and 20th centuries
It operated for most of the nineteenth century, but underwent several serious fires beginning in 1832. After being rebuilt several times, the appearance of the structure changed to the extent that the original building design was unknown. The building was owned by Malvina Keteltas in the early 1800s. Ernst Buermeyer and his family rented some of the property in 1845 and ran a hotel called Broad Street House at this location until 1860. After a major fire in 1852, two stories were added, making the Tavern five floors. In 1890, the tap room was lowered to street level and the first floor exterior was renovated, and the original wood was sold as a souvenir.
Recovery
In 1900, the tavern was scheduled to be destroyed by its owners, who wanted to use the land for a parking lot. Many organizations, especially Daughter of the American Revolution, working to preserve it, and to convince the leaders of the state government of New York to use their power of eminent domain, and designate the building as a park (which is the only clause of the ordinance the municipality that can be used for protection, because the law was not envisaged at the time for the subject of "historical preservation", then in its infancy). A provisional decision was later canceled when the property was acquired in 1904 by Children of the Revolution in the State of New York Inc., particularly with funds coveted by Frederick Samuel Tallmadge, grandson of Benjamin Tallmadge, intelligence chief George Washington during the Revolution (a plaque depicting Tallmadge taped to the building). Extensive reconstruction was completed in 1907 under the supervision of the early historic preservation architect, William Mersereau. An era guidebook called the "New York's most famous building" store.
Historian Randall Gabrielan wrote in 2000 that "Mersereau claims that his Fraunces Tavern renovation is true to the original, but controversial in its design There is no argument to remove the above stories, which are known to have been added during the construction of commercial use of the 19th century, adding a questionable hollow roof. He used the Philipse Manor House in Yonkers, New York as a style guide and claimed to follow the original roofline, as found during construction, traced on a brick from an adjacent building. "Architects Norval White and Elliot Willensky wrote on in 2000 that the building was "a very convoluted reconstruction - not a restoration - based on the 'typical' buildings of the 'period,' part of the remaining wall, and many conjectures."
The building was declared a landmark in 1965 by the New York City Landmark Conservation Commission, and the building blocks bordered by Pearl Street, Water Street, Broad Street and Coenties Slip were included on November 14, 1978. The building block was included on 28 April. , 1977, on the List of National Historic Sites by the National Park Service, and this building was entered on March 6, 2008.
A bomb planted in a diner exploded on January 24, 1975, killing four people and wounding more than 50 others. Puerto Rico's clandestine paramilitary organization "Fuerzas Armadas de LiberaciÃÆ'³n Nacional PuertorriqueÃÆ' Â ± a" (Puerto Rico National Liberation Army, or FALN), who had executed another bomb incident in New York in the 1970s, claimed responsibility. No one was sued for the April 17, 2013 bombing.
Among the dead victims was a young banker, Frank Connor (33), who has worked for 15 years from a clerk to assistant vice president at the Morgan Guaranty Trust. Connor left his wife and two sons. The second New York worker is Harold H. Sherburne (66), whose career on Wall Street spans four decades. Two executives, James Gezork, 32, of Wilmington, Delaware, and Alejandro Berger (28), working for a Philadelphia-based chemical company, have traveled to New York for a business meeting. Sherburne, Connor, and Berger died at the scene; Gezork died later at the hospital.
In a note the police found in a nearby telephone booth, FALN wrote, "we... are fully responsible for the bombs released (sic) that explode today at Fraunces Tavern, with the reactionary corporate executives in it." The note explains that the bomb - about 10 pounds of dynamite that has been crammed into a protective box and into the tunnel entrance tunnel - was retaliation for a "CIA-ordered bomb" that killed three people and injured 11 people at a restaurant in MayagÃÆ'¼ez , Puerto Rico, two weeks earlier. In December 2012, a memorial plaque with several names of victims hung in the large dining room of the Tavern.
Latest usage
Since 1907, the Fraunces Tavern Museum on the second and third floors has helped interpret Fraunces Tavern and its collection of artefacts. The museum consists of nine galleries: The John Ward Dunsmore collection of scenes painted from the American revolution; Elizabeth and Stanley DeForest Scott portrait gallery George Washington; The Long Room, the famous George Washington famous dinner venue; Clinton Room, federalist style dining room recreation; The McEntee Gallery, which depicts the history of the Children of the Revolution; Davis Education Center (Flag Gallery); and a number of galleries and other spaces used for regular exhibitions. In 2014, for example, the museum displays 27 maps from 1700 and 1800, including a map never seen from 1804 that illustrates the US postal route.
The building serves as the location of the General Society, Children of the Revolution (an inheritance organization similar to and competing with the office of "Sons of the American Revolution") until 2002, when the General Society moved to Independence, Missouri. The Fraunces Museum stores several art galleries and artifacts about the Revolution including the McEntee Gallery "Sons of the Revolution" which features much of the Society's history.
The Tavern is used as a filming location in Two Weeks Notice .
Gallery
References
External links
- Official website (Fraunces Tavern Museum)
- Official website (Fraunces Tavern Restaurant)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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