the history of competitive swimwear has been dominated by concerns over public nudity in the first half of the 20th century and with efforts to reduce water dragging in the second half. These efforts initially brought swimmers to reduce the initial one-piece swimwear that sagged only with pants. With the development of new materials that are perfectly suited to the body and offer lower resistance to water than human skin, this trend is reversed to a complete body coverage from the heel to the neck and wrist. FINA prohibits full-body clothing from the effective competition since January 1, 2010, stating that "the desire to remember the main and core principles is that swimming is a sport that is basically based on physical performance of athletes".
Glasses were used at the English Channel junction in 1911, but only in 1970 appeared in international competitions. With the advent of rubber technology, latex swimming caps became mass-produced in the 1920s, and more efficient silicone hats emerged in the 1970s.
Today, competitive swimwear is a key business for companies like Speedo, Arena, and TYR and its development involves institutions such as NASA and the Australian Institute of Sport.
Video History of competitive swimwear
Initial years
The Olympic Games are the most important international swimming competition. While the men's show was an integral part of all the Olympics, the women's race was introduced only in 1912, and until 1924 was limited to several freestyle events.
Public nudity is a major concern in designing the initial bathing suit. It was a major factor behind the non-participation of American women at the 1912 Olympics. At the Olympics, British women wore full-body silk suits with such volumes that they could pass the wedding ring. The outfits are equipped with bra and bikini underwear as they become transparent when wet. Female coaches are rare at the start of the Olympics, and to further reduce the likelihood of female abuse accompanied by a companion. Even men wearing a one-piece swimsuit that covers the body from hip to shoulder until the 1940s. In 1928, Speedo introduced their racerback silk suits that were optimized to fit the body shape. This unravels the shoulder blades, which almost resulted in disqualification of Clare Dennis at the 1932 Olympics, but became the norm in 1936. Meanwhile, men were allowed to swim in empty chest clothing in 1936, and only in short at the 1948 Olympics. In 1956, the first company to introduce nylon and in the 1970s elastane into their swimsuits that increased their elasticity, endurance and water appeal - 21 of 22 recordings of the 1972 Olympics were broken in nylon/elastane clothing.
At the same Olympics, East German swimmers adopted strict attire following a body shape, called "skinsuits". They were originally made of cotton and became transparent when wet. The expressive form and transparency caused anger among US swimmers; Meanwhile, at the 1973 Aquatic World Championships, East German women won 10 of 14 events and set seven world records. The championship is a turning point for the world to adopt leather garments, modified with new synthetic materials, as a competitive competitive swimwear.
Maps History of competitive swimwear
Biomimetic settings
In 2000, Speedo launched a series of Fastskin suits that mimicked sharks. Their surfaces contain lumps and backs that channel water to swimmers about 3% more efficient than traditional materials. The coat covers most of the body, from the neck to the ankle and wrist, and the shape is optimized for certain swimming movements, compressing several parts of the body while allowing more freedom for others. The outfit was approved for the 2000 Olympics, where they helped win 83% of the medal. At the next Olympics, similar clothing has been developed by Tyr Sport, Inc., but they are not approved by FINA.
Non-textile swimwear
In February 2008, Speedo launched a LZR Racer swimsuit based on elastane-nylon and polyurethane fabrics (50%). The suit was developed by the Italian company, Mectex, in collaboration with the Australian Sports Institute and NASA, which provides wind tunnel testing facilities. The clothes were made at Petratex, a textile factory in PaÃÆ'§os de Ferreira, Portugal, where the technology is patented. Like other clothes used for high-competition racing, LZR Racer allows better oxygen flow to the muscles, and holds the body in a more hydrodynamic position, while retaining water and increasing flexibility. The stitching of the suit is welded ultrasonically to reduce further drag. This setting is 100% chlorine resistant and fast dry.
Supported by competitive use by FINA before the Beijing Olympics, the lawsuit is reported to reduce race time by 2-4%. This was confirmed at the Beijing Olympics, where swimsuit-wearing swimmers set 23 of 25 world records and won 94% of the race and 89% medals.
Following the example of LZR Racer, alternative non-textile clothing was introduced by other companies in 2008. Some of them such as Arena X-Glide, Jaked01 and Adidas Hydrofoil are made entirely of polyurethane. Until August 24, 2009, more than 130 world records have been damaged by swimmers wearing non-textile clothing, and more than 90 of them are fitted with LZR Racer.
In a sudden reversal of opinion, the FINA Congress voted almost unanimously to restore the previous policy and ban all long swimsuits. The decision was taken in Rome on July 24, 2009, during the 2009 World Aquatics Championships. The new policy states that men's swimwear can maximally cover areas from the waist to knees, and female colleagues from shoulder to knee. FINA also decided that the fabric used should be textile or woven material and that the suit should not have a fastening device such as a zipper (straps on a male jammer are allowed). Textiles are defined as open mesh materials such as cotton, Nylon, Lycra, etc. The new rules come into effect on January 1, 2010, and the previous records set forth in non-textile clothing remain in effect.
Goggles
The first competitive swimmer to wear glasses was Thomas William Burgess, during the British Channel crossing in 1911. His motorcycle goggles leaked water, but they shielded his eyes from water splashes during a swim only in the chest. In 1926, Gertrude Ederle also used motorcycle goggles when crossing the Strait. He swam to a crawl and therefore sealed his glasses with paraffin to make them watertight. Meanwhile, most pool swimmers had no eye protection until the late 1960s, which limited their training time due to eye irritation with disinfectants added to the pond water. When the first commercial glasses were introduced to competitive swimmers in 1968, they met with limited success due to their rigid and rigid form. Most swimmers can not put them on their faces and complain about leaks, especially after starting and taking turns. Just two years later David Wilkie became the first swimmer to use swimming goggles at international swimming competitions, at the 1970 Commonwealth Games. Goggles was first allowed in the Olympics in 1976, and many athletes used it for the 1972 Olympic preparations.
Caps
Swimming hats are used since the early 1900s, when they were made of cotton, silk, or rubber fabrics and often featured an "aviator-style" chin strap to hold the cap in place. Elastic and waterproof latex caps became widely available in the 1920s and silicon hats were more durable and refined in the 1970s. Further efforts to increase silicone caps go to eliminate wrinkles, resulting in a smooth cap and then in a more rigid "racing dome" cap.
See also
- High-tech bathing suit
- Competitive swimwear
- Swimming in the Summer Olympics
References
Bibliography
- Daily News (June 8, 2012) London 2012 Olympics: The evolution of the Olympic swimwear.
External links
- FINA Approved Swimwear. fina.org
- FINA Swim Cap Rules. swimming.epicsports.com
- hydrotherapy swimming. spadelamare.com
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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