Imelda Marcos (nÃÆ' Â © e RomuÃÆ'¡ldez , born July 2, 1929) is the widow of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th president of the Philippines. He served as First Lady from 1965 to 1986 during the presidency of her husband. He remains one of the richest politicians in the Philippines through his collection of clothing, artwork, and jewelry, along with money in foreign bank accounts under the pseudonym "Jane Ryan". As a result, he is referred to as a kleptokrat by his critics who accuse him of plundering.
Marcos was born in Manila but moved to Tacloban before World War II after the death of his mother. He returned to Manila in 1950 to pursue a career as a singer and beauty queen. In 1954, he married Ferdinand Marcos, who became president of the Philippines in 1965, and in 1972 declared martial law. As a first lady, she built developments in and around the Manila metropolis while spending most of her time abroad on state visits and shopping.
The murder of opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr. in 1983 caused a mass protest that eventually led to the People Power Revolution. The Marcos family was forced to exile, and Aquino's widow, Corazon, was elected president. After the death of her husband Ferdinand, Marcos returned to the Philippines and was elected four times to the House of Representatives as a congressman for Leyte in 1995 and to Ilocos Norte in 2010, 2013 and 2016.
Marcos is famous for his luxuries. This includes having more than a thousand pairs of shoes, some of which are now stored in a museum in Marikina. He works as a fashion designer and model. He is sometimes referred to as "Baja Butterfly", by his supporters.
Video Imelda Marcos
Initial life
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Imelda Remedios Trinidad RomuÃÆ'¨ldez was born in San Miguel district of Manila on July 2, 1929. His parents were Vicente Orestes RomuÃÆ'¡ldez, a lawyer, and his second wife, Remedios RomuÃÆ'¡ldez. Vicente's first wife, Juanita, was suspected of dying of leukemia on August 3, 1926. Imelda was the sixth of eleven children of Vicente, and the eldest son of Remedios.
Born in the RomuÃÆ'¡ldez political dynasty of Leyte province, Imelda grew up in a rich clan of catÃÆ'³licos cerrados (literally "Closed Catholic"), the Filipino term for a rigorous and pious Latin Rite. <Â €
Some of the other well-known members of Imelda's family were his uncle Norberto Romualdez, who was the Supreme Court Justice and the first from Romual to achieve national excellence, and his younger brother Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez, who served as Governor Leyte and also as ambassador at under the Marcos regime.
Early Childhood
At the time of his birth, Romualdees had the comfort of material prosperity and possessed the reputation of the wealthy Manan people. However, around 1931-1932, Imelda's family financial condition began to decline.
Imelda's parents are separated for a while and Imelda's mother leaves their home because of the domestic differences between Imelda's mother, Remedios, and her father's first children. During this separation, Remedios worked for the nuns at Asilo de San Vicente de Paul. Vicente and Remedios reconciled afterwards.
To avoid further conflict, Remedios and her children moved into their home garage. In 1937 after Conchita's birth, Remedios's health began to fail. On April 7, 1938, he died of double pneumonia. In his ten years of marriage, Imelda has five siblings - Benjamin, Alita, Alfredo, Armando and Conchita.
That same year, 1938, Imelda's father left Manila because of his declining wealth in his legal practice and returned to Tacloban where he could support his family with a simpler lifestyle. Imelda has been claimed to have met General Douglas MacArthur when he landed in Palo, Leyte during the Philippine Campaign in 1944. He speaks both Tagalog and English, two official Filipino languages, and Waray, a Leyte regional language.
Education
Basic
Imelda finished First Class at the nearby Holy Ghost College, where her older half-siblings were also studying. College enrollment records from the academic year 1936-1937 show that Imelda did not register again. This omission is easily accounted for by two sets of Imelda drawings, taken on First Communion at the Holy Babies Academy in Tacloban, Leyte.
He continued his studies at Holy Infant Academy, a convent school run by the Benedictine Sisters. The old wooden school structure still stands today four blocks away from Romualdez's house. At school, Imelda must face the embarrassing reality of her family's poverty. He was often among the students who had to apologize for the late payment.
SMA
In 1942, Romualdeze returned to Tacloban, and around that time, Imelda's father refused to let him go back to school. When the Americans came, he lined up with a hundred other young girls with wooden clogs at Leyte Secondary School, who wanted to continue his studies. It was 1944. He completed his first year in the provincial high school where he was also elected Miss I-A; then in his second year. he moved to Holy Infant and stayed there until he graduated.
Imelda continued her higher studies at the Holy Infant Academy. Imelda studied with the sisters from 1938 to 1948, the year she graduated from high school. As a student, his scholastic record shows that he has a general average of 80% throughout his elementary and high school. The middle school ended in the summer of 1948 when his class was for the last time in the blue-and-white uniform of the Holy Baby.
Higher Education
Imelda learned her first political lesson when she was running for president of the student council at St. Paul's College, now the growing University of Divine Word. It was 1951, just three years before marrying Marcos. At that time, he will graduate with a Bachelor of Science in Education. He was appointed as a candidate for the Ministry of Education, which has 800 student enrollments. Even during the nomination, his victory was already a foregone conclusion, but the school authorities insisted that other candidates should be prepared to make the election a democratic procedure. That's how the College of Law, with 200 students, put up Francisco Pedrosa.
While a scholar, he undertook some teaching exercises in high school in Chinese city immediately before graduating in 1952. He has won a scholarship to study music at the Philippine Women's University under Maestra Adoracion Reyes, a close friend of Imelda's cousin Loreto Romualdez Ramos. He's got a job at the music store but leaves this to a better one at the Central Bank. Right from the Central Bank, he rushed to the University every day. After a few lessons, Adoracion believes Imelda has talent and persuades him to enroll in High School of Music and Pure Art at PWU, under a special arrangement that will put him on the list while Adoracion will continue to give his free lessons.
Imelda in Manila
Life in Manila with Marlon Amboy
He returned to Manila in 1952 during the regime of President Quirino and stayed at the home of his relative, Danieling Romualdez, who is a formidable politician and Chairman of the Protempore of the Lower House of Congress. Danieling Romualdez has no children of his own but has adopted three orphans. According to Carmen Navarro-Pedrosa's book, The Untold Story of Imelda Marcos, his status at Danieling Romualdez's home is "higher than servants and lower than the family members as poor relatives". During his father's visit to Manila, he worked as a saleswoman at a shop called PE Domingo where Vicente Romualdez was angry with Eduardo Romualdez (Chairman of Financial Corporate Rehabilitation) and Danieling Romualdez because Vicente thought that his two nephews "sold his daughter".
Student, banker
To appease the anger of Vicente Romualdez, Eduardo and Danieling exerted their political and economic influence to seek employment for Imelda at the Central Bank where he worked in the Intelligence Division under Braulio Hipuna, Division of the Intelligence Division Chief. He then received a vocal lesson at Philippine Women's University and met Adoracion Reyes, a teacher at the College of Music and Fine Arts of the Philippine Women's University, who was introduced to him by his cousin Loreto and played an important role in getting Imelda to take a vocal session at the university by giving opportunity to get scholarship. According to Susie Abadilla, who took the same vocal session with Imelda, she was not very friendly, and the reason may have come from her strict and busy routine at the time, and her reluctance to talk about family and her past. Due to his suggestion for a show, which became his first and last performance in the music hall of his cousin Loreto at Holy Ghost College, he performed three songs, "Calm is Night", "Sin Tu Amor", and "False Prophet".
How to get famous
His desire for fame begins after he meets Angel Anden and is asked to be a cover girl of the magazine's Valentine's edition (printed on February 15, 1953) called This Week (now, Chronical Magazine ), where Anden is the editor. Imelda was unable to obtain consent and received sponsorship to participate in the Miss Manila contest from her cousin (Danieling, Eduardo, and Loreto), but, with the help of Adoracion, obtained a sponsorship from Philippine Women's University after a meeting with the university president, Mrs. Francisca Benitez. The controversial Miss Manila beauty contest came on March 1, 1953, when Imelda and Reyes' mates were desperate after hearing the news that Norma Jimenez was a Miss Philippines candidate and Miss Manila winner, and attempted to meet the mayor of Manila. , Aresenio Lacson, who revoked the decision and made Imelda Romualdez the winner of Miss Manila. The mayor announced that there was a violation of the rules by the International Fair Board, and it was the mayor's authority to nominate the Manila City candidate for a beauty contest. Apparently Imelda won 655 points while Norma Jimenez earned 453 points. Imelda and Norma participated in Miss Philippines; however, the winner of Miss Philippines is Cristina Galang (Caedo, now) of Tarlac, who became one of the members of the women's campaign group Imelda, Blue Ladies.
Dating and marriage with Ferdinand Marcos
Imelda and Ferdinand Marcos officially met on April 6, 1954 at the Philippine Congress, in a trial session at that time President Ramon Magsaysay. Ferdinand is part of an opposition team that leads the argument against the budget, while Imelda is there accompanied by his cousin, Paz "Pacing" Romualdez to visit his cousin Danieling, who is the House Speaker. During the recess, Imelda catches Ferdinand's eyes, and he asks his journalist friend JosÃÆ'Â © Guevarra from The Manila Times , to introduce it to Imelda. By that time, Ferdinand had known about Imelda and his reputation not only as a prominent member of the Romualdez clan, but also as a party in the Miss3 Controversy of 1953. Imelda, on the other hand, knew very little about the 36- old Congressmen, despite the prestige. After comparing the altitude and ensuring that he is at least an inch taller than him, Ferdinand immediately decides to pursue him in marriage. It started what came to be known as "The Days of the Wind of the Eleven", where Ferdinand, with the help of Guevarra, pursues Imelda for eleven days.
During that Holy Week of that year, Ferdinand visited Imelda's house once, and when Imelda claimed that he planned to spend holidays in Baguio, Ferdinand and Guevarra did not hesitate and offered him a ride to the home of the Danieling family in which he planned to stay while both booked rooms at Pines nearest. For the remainder of the Holy Week, Ferdinand showered Imelda with flowers and presents and would visit him daily, forcing him to sign a marriage certificate that would seal the treaty. And on April 16, 1954, Good Friday, after being asked by Guevarra, who allegedly joked, if he wants to be "First Lady of the Land someday", Imelda finally agreed to sign it. Soon after, on April 17, 1954, they were secretly married by Francisco Chanco, a judge who befriended Ferdinand, who lived in the area. Only after receiving the blessing of Vicente Orestes, Imelda's father, whom Ferdinand requested by telegram on Easter Sunday, whether the two married in the church. Their wedding, held on May 1, 1954, was at San Miguel Pro-Cathedral in Manila where Imelda was baptized.
Ferdinand Marcos campaign and Imelda contribution
Imelda knows that her husband Ferdinand Marcos has dreamed of becoming president of the Philippines since he became a member of the congress. One of the reasons why Marcos married Imelda, regardless of his physical charm, was because he was Romualdez - a nobleman. The beauty of Imelda, as well as his background, is highly appreciated by Marcos and Marcos believes he will not only add light to his daily life but also to his political career.
Imelda, who comes from a family practicing a simple lifestyle, had early difficulties adjusting to her husband's luxurious lifestyle. She once complained that she only gets one hundred and twenty pesos a month despite her hard work. For this, Marcos laughs and says that it's his fault that he's working hard just for that amount. It was a turning point for Imelda to no longer feel guilty for spending money. From then on, she pushed herself into extreme luxury.
Imelda is expected to be sophisticated, elegant, and eloquent by her husband. Marcos knows that having a supportive wife, a trophy he can be proud of, will give him more support and sound. Imelda began to dress herself with expensive clothes and did her best to be the man her husband wanted.
In his attempt to be a perfect wife, he is often given the opportunity to try too hard, but at the same time, he becomes the subject of jealousy for the wife of fellow politicians. Imelda learned how to attract people's attention and focus on herself and her husband. He reached out to everyone who was considered important in Marcos's campaign. His efforts are not genuine, but incredible. No other politician's wife shook hands with all the delegates, visited their home, really understood their concerns, other than Imelda. He bombarded them with gifts when needed.
Not only is Imelda good with people, he is also an expert mediator who corrects broken relationships that occurred with Marcos. During Marcos's presidency in the Nacionalista Party, Fernando Lopez, then vice presidential candidate Marcos, did not want to continue his political career. Marcos asks Imelda to help him improve his relationship with Lopez, and Imelda sheds tears to convince Lopez that he should run for a vice-presidential candidate for Nacionalista.
By the time Marcos campaigned for President, Imelda's influence in Marcos's political career was crucial. Her husband is probably a good tactician, but Imelda's determination and popularity ensures her voice. Marcos relied heavily on Imelda, and as time passed, Imelda was no longer a copy of Marcos. Instead, he has become his political partner.
Maps Imelda Marcos
First Lady
Imelda Marcos served as First Lady after her husband Ferdinand was elected on 9 November 1965 as the 10th President of the Philippines.
Imelda's role during the presidential campaign of Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos was assisted by his wife in his political campaign. Imelda uses her charismatic appeal to get a voice for her husband.
Marcos was initially required to win votes from delegates from the Nacionalista Party for presidential nomination. Imelda took a managerial position in her husband's campaign. Other party candidates noted their enthusiasm during the campaign; he met and made friends with every delegate of the 1,347 people who would have a voice in the Nacionalista Party Convention. He will talk to each of them, visit them in their own homes, and attend meetings such as birthday parties, birthdays, and weddings. Of all the wives of the presidential candidates, Imelda was the only one who underwent a personalized and detailed campaign for her husband. On 21 November 1964, Ferdinand Marcos won a presidential nomination for the Nacionalista Party.
Imelda also managed to convince Fernando Lopez to receive a vice presidential nomination along with presidential candidate Ferdinand Marcos. He first invited Lopez to meet in person with him in his room. Lopez accepted the invitation but preferred to talk to her in the suite. To persuade Lopez, his methods included attracting Lopez's sympathy by telling him of the struggles he and Ferdinand faced during the campaign for Ferdinand's nomination and how he felt left out by Lopez. Lopez refused several times until Imelda cried in front of him. Imelda then went on to hand it over and make him sign a document stating that he accepted the nomination as a vice-presidential nominee for Nacionalista.
During the presidential election itself, he voted from the southern provinces of Leyte, and Manila. He is very popular among the poor. Imelda also uses her voice to attract voters, singing during the campaign. The songs are usually local songs.
Imelda also leads the "Blue Ladies", a group that originally comprised the wives of political men in the Nacionalista Party. The "Blue Ladies" initially amounted to about two dozen. When Ferdinand won the nomination, they swelled to a hundred. The unofficial chairman is Pacita Gonzalez. Formed during the Christmas season of 1965, the members helped Imelda during the campaign by donating funds and providing publicity. The campaign led by "Blue Ladies" by Imelda Marcos highlights the personal touch by arranging tea and receptions. They visit factories and farms to shake hands and have small talks with voters, making door-to-door requests in the slums. They also took advantage of new innovations brought to politics that year by buying radio and television time to campaign for Marcos through the use of small speeches for voters. The cost is not a problem for Marcos because most of its members consist of beautiful mothers and women who marry men.
Marcos's strategist took advantage of Imelda's enchanting charm and youth by combining these and other striking qualities into the overall tone of the presidential candidate for the Marcos-led Nacionalista campaign. They were able to use it by attracting normal people from their daily activities to attend the Marcos rally to see the "beautiful wife Marcos" himself. The mention of Imelda who only attends a rally will get people to attend rallies and run for places near the stage, not listen to speeches, but only to see Ferdinand Marcos's beautiful wife. He was asked by the helpers of Marcos to always appear in public at any time as well as possible regardless of the type of audience. An integral part of their strategy is for Imelda to use ternos standards as part of the campaign design.
Ferdinand admitted that he delivered the one million vote margins he needed to choose from.
The presidential campaign, as portrayed by the publicists, is the point at which Imelda becomes influential as a political figure. He would later be nicknamed by a foreign journalist as an "iron butterfly," after Imelda's image of himself as "a butterfly coming out of his cocoon" - from a political novice to her husband, Ferdinand's political partner.
As First Lady, Imelda Marcos was called more than once from the Palace to campaign for her husband and candidate Nacionalista in the 1985 presidential election and during senatorial and local elections in 1967 because the result was crucial to the successful outcome of the 1969 presidential election. This is based on what happened to former President Diosdado Macapagal, where the defeat of his Senate candidate has caused his own downfall in the next election. Marcos concentrated his efforts in Cebu which showed that he felt that his most serious rival was Senator Sergio OsmeÃÆ'Â ± a, Jr. Marcos used the First Lady as her special ace and made her campaign in Cebu using her charms and charms among Cebuanos. In 1985 & amp; In 1969 the presidential election, Ferdinand even referred to Imelda Marcos as his "secret weapon". Through the combined efforts of the President and First Lady, they were able to resist Osmena's leadership in his own province. Eight Senator candidates from the Nacionalista party in Cebu won and 47 of 49 Cebu cities were captured by Marcos-led Nacionalistas.
Imelda's first day as First Lady
On December 30, 1965, Imelda officially became the First Lady.
The Romualdez clan was ripped apart by the presidential campaign. To correct this, Imelda allegedly sent invitations to family members, some of whom supported opposing parties, and told them that they were all welcome at their home in Ortega.
Prior to Marcoses' departure for the inauguration ceremony, they held a mass in their yard on Ortega Street, San Juan. Imelda invited an old German priest, Father Albert Ganzewinkel, who had been his favorite teacher at St. Paul in Tacloban, for a mass. Ferdinand and Imelda then went to Luneta Park for the inauguration ceremony and sat in the middle of the Luneta stands. They are surrounded by foreign officials and government officials. Allegedly, a number of anonymous men and women attended the ceremony to see the beauty of the new Mother Country. After the ceremony, he is portrayed as someone with "such dignity, such a government."
In the evening, the state dinner hosts 60 guests in the MalacaÃÆ' Â ± ang Palace reception hall.
Imelda projects
Imelda has her own office in Malacaà ± ang, known as the "Music Room", where she receives her caller. Here he meets various cabinet members, heads of financial institutions, business community leaders, etc. He has also established his own foundation which contributes to many of his projects which are described further in a pamphlet called "The Compassionate Society."
Initially, Imelda undertook the expected task of the First Lady, examples set aside by her predecessor. She graced the fashion show, inaugurated the bank, attended the women's army tea. In mid-January 1966, he announced his elaborate and wide-ranging plans to the public. Ferdinand asked Imelda "to revive national pride and curb national weakness." Imelda's answer is the Cultural Center.
The Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) is regarded as the main symbol of Imelda's untiring efforts. It was designed by architect Leandro Locsin, and built on reclaimed land along Roxas Boulevard, Manila and covers an area of ​​about 21 hectares. Ninety thousand pesos were awarded by the Philippine-American Cultural Foundation for its construction. Once completed, however, it amounted to Php 50 million - an increase of 333.33% of the original budget. Although it is worth noting that the price of building materials such as cement, steel, and tiles has increased by 30-40% in this time span, the increase in expenditure increases is highly questionable.
In May 1966, Imelda pushed through a campaign for social welfare. The plan is to collect all social welfare efforts from several dozen social welfare groups. Imelda wanted to build welfare villages to meet the needs of children with problems, and reoriented personnel for village staff. This scheme asks for 12 million pesos. In November 1966, the foundation for the Reception and Study Center in Quezon City was laid. Until 1968, other villages were built: Marilla Hills in Alabang, Children's Orphanage in Pasay Town, Molave ​​Village at Tanay, Houses for Age in Quezon City, and Philippine Village at Manila International Airport.
Imelda launched Maligayang Pasko Drive, a children's festival at Christmas 1966. His assistants were students and members of "Blue Ladies." He spent PHP 50,000 in 1966, PHP 75,000 in 1967, and PHP 150,000 in 1968.
In the first three years of becoming a First Lady, she spent PHP 1 million to beautify Paco Cemetery and 24 million to beautify Fort Santiago. He gives 140.00 pesos annually in prizes for national beauty contests. He set aside 150,000 pesos for an open museum at the excavation of St. Ana Church. For Intramuros gate restoration, Imelda was given PHP 150,000 by the government.
In the middle of 1967, Imelda started the Seed Disposal or Sharing for Progress Program, a project that suggests making vegetable gardens from a lot of unemployed land across the country. 309,392 kits containing seeds were distributed in over 1,500 cities in 1968.
In July 1974, the annual Nyonya Universe contest was held in Manila, which then Imelda Marcos's lady allegedly spent PHP 40 million (USD 5.5 million) for the renovation of all public and private infrastructure throughout Manila, and other cities where participants the Nyonya Universe contest then toured.
Imelda also established a network of Philippine Centers in major cities abroad such as New York City, Canberra, Hong Kong, and San Francisco.
Foreign relations
Since the President barely left the Malaca Palace, Ferdinand increasingly sent his wife on an official visit to another country as the de facto vice president.
When Marcoses went to the United States in September 1966, President Johnson offered Imelda a Filipino war damages claim of USD 28 million. President Johnson agreed to have USD 3.5 million used as a fund for the Cultural Center, one of Imelda's projects.
For the inauguration of the CCP, the opening of the Golden Salakot gala, a drama-contest of a story about prehistoric Philippines, took place on September 8, 1969. US President Nixon was invited but instead Ronald Reagan, the Governor of California, along with his wife, flew to the country using Air Force One for the event. There is a note that the First Lady tried to bring another celebrity with a ticket to board the Air Force, but she was denied this luxury by President Nixon. Accounts also mention that the journey from the Governor and the wife of California leads to the proximity of Reagan and Marcos.
In 1971, Imelda attended the Iranian celebration of the establishment of the Persian Empire. This journey, according to the man in the palace, gave him a social introduction to some of the richest people in the world. That same year, he embarked on the first journey of many trips to Russia; it was dubbed the "cultural mission" but ultimately led to the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and the Philippines.
In 1975, after the assassination of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Imelda wished to extend his official condolences. Women are not welcome in Saudi courts, but Imelda, through her relationship with a surgeon who had previously performed heart surgery on the new King, managed to become the first respected female guest.
Imelda's personal life
Family
Ferdinand has been involved in the affairs after marrying Imelda Marcos. Ferdinand's most common affair was with American actress Dovie Beams in 1966. While living in one of the President's safe houses, he recorded his affair with the President. The tape was then played in a press conference, causing great insult to Imelda. They remained married by agreement; Imelda has freedom in his projects in return for voting for Ferdinand in the second election.
Social Life
Imelda often asks Blue Ladies members to accompany her on a trip abroad. Imelda will also help some members in their own investment and business. One of the most famous socialite friends is Cristina Ford.
Imelda Blue Ladies - especially Maria Luisa, a daughter of the wealthy Madrigal family and his wife. Vasquez - contribute to Imelda fashion shopping. In 1968, Maria Luisa accompanied Imelda on a trip abroad, where Imelda and her daughter Imee spent $ 3.3 million. That's when Dr. Daniel Vasquez and Maria Luisa open a Citibank account. In November of the same year, the couple added Fernanda Vazquez as the joint holder of the bank account. The allegations that Imelda and Fernanda Vasquez are one and the same thing is validated by the fact that the notation for bank accounts has the handwriting of Imelda Marcos.
On July 4, 1966, the First Lady also invited the Beatles to appear for personal affairs at the Palace but the invitation was rejected. The order to lock down Manila International Airport was carried out as a result of the rejection. This resulted in the mass surging into the Beatles' private space. There are also reports that their managers issue a PHP 100,000 tax assessment.
Imelda's actions precede martial law
Beginning in September 1972, former ambassador to Japan Eduardo Quintero accused Imelda of bribing members of the convention. In stress following media accusations and circuses, Imelda suffered a miscarriage. Then, this is revealed to be a hoax to avoid Quintero's allegations. According to Ellison, this is "an impressive example of the length Imelda will have to support [Ferdinand] and his ambitions."
In Ferdinand's diary before May, he reveals that he and Imelda plan to put all their powers and wealth "on one dice of fate for the people and the Republic."
On the night of September 5, 1972, tourism minister Manuel Elizalde called every member of the foreign press corps of Manila to a party. Imelda arrived at the party, allegedly raving about democracy and only an American could afford it. On the same day, a Military Emergency was announced.
Ferdinand stated the purpose of the Military Emergency was to create a "New Society" with a reformed institution, no inequality, corruption, or crime. Imelda called it "martial law with a smile."
A few days after the announcement, the arrest warrant was issued to Amelita Cruz, author of the "you-know-who" column in Imelda. Cruz was told that the command "came directly from the music room," Imelda's palace study.
As First Lady, she became influential. He caused controversy after his assassination attempt occurred on 7 December 1972, when an attacker tried to stab him with a bolo knife but was shot by police. The motive appears to have played a role in his husband's presidency but human rights defenders are believed. it is staged by the government.
Marcos organizes public events using national funds to support the image of her husband and her husband. He secured the Miss Universe 1974 contest in Manila, which required the construction of the Folk Art Theater in less than three months. He organized Kasaysayan ng Lahi , a festival featuring the history of the Philippines. He also embarked on social programs, such as the Green Revolution, aimed at tackling hunger by encouraging people to plant crops in domestic gardens, and creating national family planning programs. In 1972 he took over the distribution of a bread ration called Nutribun, which originally came from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
In 1978, he was appointed a member of the Interim Batasang Pambansa (National Congress) representing Region IV-A. He was also appointed as the Ambassador of Plenipotentiary and Extraordinary, allowing him to tour the United States, the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Cuba. Along the way, he befriended Richard Nixon, Muammar Gaddafi, Saddam Hussein, Fidel Castro, and Joseph Tito. He traveled to Iraq to secure oil and to Libya for a peace treaty with the Moro National Liberation Front.
Imelda Marcos holds the position of Minister of Human Settlements, enabling him to build the Philippines Cultural Center, Philippine Heart Center, Philippines Lung Center, Philippines International Convention Center, Coconut Palace, Manila Film Center, and Calauit Safari Park. He bought property in Manhattan in the 1980s, including the $ 51 million Crown Building, the Woolworth Building at 40 Wall Street, and the Herald Center for $ 60 million. He refused to buy the Empire State Building because he felt it was "too fancy."
Power struggle
Imelda Marcos was instrumental in the exclusion of 1980 opposition leader Benigno Aquino, Jr., who suffered a heart attack during his imprisonment. The military emergency in the Philippines was later repealed in 1981 but Ferdinand Marcos continued to be president. While her husband starts suffering from lupus, she effectively reigns in her place. Aquino returned in 1983 but was killed at Manila International Airport upon his arrival. With the accusation that he started to rise, Ferdinand created the Agrava Commission, the fact-finding committee, to investigate it, eventually finding him innocent.
On 7 February 1986, elections were held between Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino, widow of Benigno Aquino Jr. Although her husband claims to have won the election, the allegation of electoral fraud led to mass protests later known as the People Power. Revolution. On February 25, the Marcos family fled to Hawaii. After he left Malacaón Palace, he was found to have left 15 fur coats, 508 dresses, 888 bags, and many pairs of shoes. Some news reports estimate that there are up to 7,500 pairs, but the magazine Time reports that the final count is only 1,060.
In October 1988, Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos, along with eight colleagues (including Adnan Khashoggi, a Saudi businessman and arms smuggler believed to be involved with his husband's regime), were charged by a federal jury in Manhattan for alleged extortion, conspiracy,. The tobacco expert Doris Duke posted $ 5 million in guarantees for former First Lady. The defense team of the Marcos pair is led by criminal defense attorney Gerry Spence. Actor George Hamilton, a non-syndicated conspirator, testified in court under an immunity grant, admitting he had received a $ 5.5 million loan from his partner. In July 1990, after a three-month trial, he was released from all charges. At that time, Ferdinand had died in exile in Hawaii on September 28, 1989.
Next year
Marcos was allowed to return to the Philippines by Corazon Aquino on November 4, 1991. The following year, he ran for president in the presidential election on May 11, 1992, completing 5 of 7 candidates. On May 8, 1995, he was elected to the congress of Leyte, representing the first district, despite facing a disqualification suit in which the Supreme Court ruled in his favor. He sought the president again on May 11, 1998, but later resigned to support the eventual winner of Joseph Estrada and he completed 9 of the 11 candidates. In November 2006, she started her own business, a fashion label that included designing jewelry. In March 2008, he was released from allegations of illegally taking money from the state by the Manila Regional Court of Justice for reasonable doubt.
Marcos ran for the second district of Ilocos Norte in an election on May 10, 2010 to replace his son, Ferdinand Jr., who ran for the Senate under the Nacionalista Party. During his tenure, he held the position of chairman of the Millennium Development Goals in the Lower House. In 2011, the Fifth Division of Sandiganbayan ordered him to return US $ 280,000 in government funds taken by him and her husband from the National Food Authority. He won re-election on May 14, 2013 in an attempt to renew his term. On May 9, 2016, he was re-elected for his third and final term.
Wealth
Marcos is believed to have assets worth US $ 10 billion. On one occasion, he spent $ 2,000 to chew gum at San Francisco International Airport and, elsewhere, he forced a plane to make a roundback in the air just because he forgot to buy cheese in Rome. Her shoe collection is now partly in the National Museum of the Philippines and partly in the shoe museum in Marikina. Hurricane Haiyan (Yolanda) destroyed his ancestral home in Tacloban, which also served as a museum, although he still owned a home in Ilocos Norte and Makati, where he lived.
He is alleged to have a Swiss bank account under the pseudonym "Jane Ryan". His wealth is claimed to come from Yamashita gold, a semi-mythical treasure widely believed to be in the Philippines part of Japan's treasures in World War II. His possessions were used to include gems and a collection of 175-piece art, which included works by Michelangelo, Botticelli, Canaletto, Raphael, and Monet's L'ÃÆ' â € ° glise et La Seine ÃÆ' VÃÆ' Â © theuil (1881), Alfred Sisley's Langland Bay (1887), and Albert Marquet Le CyprÃÆ'¨s de Djenan Sidi Said (1946).
Swiss federal courts ruled in December 1990 that cash in Swiss banks would only be returned to the Philippine government if a Philippine court punished him. In March 2008, a judge in Manila in the Philippines freed him of 32 illegal transfer amounts to Swiss bank accounts between 1968 and 1976, stipulating that the government had failed to prove his case. In 2012, he declared his net worth to span $ 22 million and he was listed as the second richest Filipino politician behind boxer and politician Manny Pacquiao.
On October 17, 2013, the business of selling two Claude Monet paintings, L'Eglise de Vetheuil and Le Bassin Aux Nymphà ©  © as , became the subject of a legal case in New York against Vilma Bautista, a one-time maid for Imelda Marcos. Bautista was sentenced in 2014 to 2-6 years in prison for trying to sell his country's "valuable masterpiece". On January 13, 2014, three collections of Imelda Marcos jewelry: the Malacanang collection, the Roumeliotes collection, and the Hawaiian collection; along with paintings by Claude Monet seized by the Philippine government. In 2015, a rare pink diamond worth $ 5 million is found in its jewelry collection. On February 16, 2016, the Philippine government announced that three collections, worth about $ 21 million, will be auctioned off before the end of Benigno Aquino III's administration on 30 June 2016. In October 2015, Imelda Marcos still faces 10 criminals. allegations of corruption and 25 civil cases in the Philippines.
Legacy
Marcos influenced fashion in the Philippines, although his role as a protector of art and fashion is still controversial. The second track of 1996 album Mark Knopfler Golden Heart is a sarcastic song about him. He is the subject of the 2003 documentary, Imelda . In 2010, British producer Fatboy Slim and musician David Byrne released a concept album about his life called
Foreign awards
- Jordan: Gran Cordon (Class 1) from the Supreme Order of the Renaissance (March 1, 1976)
- Romania: Order August 23, 1944 (April 9, 1975)
- The Sovereign Sovereign Order of Malta: Dame Grand Cross of the Order merit Melitensi
- Spanish: Dame Grand Cross of the Isabella the Catholic Order (February 18, 1974)
References
Bibliography
External links
- Military Emergency Warning Museum
- The Martial Law Chronicle Project
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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