In health care facilities, isolation is one of the few actions that can be taken to implement infection control: prevention of communicable diseases spread from patient to patient, health care workers, and visitors, or from outsiders to patients certain (reverse insulation). Various forms of isolation exist, in some modified contact procedures, and others where the patient is kept away from others. In systems designed, and periodically revised, by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), different levels of patient isolation consist of the application of one or more "preventions" that are formally described.
Isolation is most commonly used when a patient is known to have a viral or infectious (infectious) disease. Special equipment is used in the management of patients in various forms of isolation. It most often includes items of personal protective equipment (gowns, masks, and gloves) and engineering controls (positive pressure chamber, negative pressure chamber, laminar airflow equipment, and various mechanical and structural barriers). Special isolation rooms may be built earlier in the hospital, or isolation units may be temporarily designated at the facility in the midst of an epidemic emergency.
Video Isolation (health care)
Definition
Isolation is defined as a voluntary and compulsory separation and confinement of those who are known or suspected of being infected by infectious disease agents (whether sick or not) to prevent further infection. (In this form of isolation, transmission-based precautions apply.) Conversely, quarantine is mandatory and confinement separation, with healthy restrictions, individuals or groups. which are potentially exposed to the agent to prevent further infection if the infection occurs. Biocontainment refers to laboratory biosafety in a microbiological laboratory where physical detention (BSL-3, BSL-4) of highly pathogenic organisms is achieved through innate engineering controls. Maps Isolation (health care)
Type of precautions
Universal/standard precautions
Universal precautions refers to practice, in medicine, avoiding contact with patient body fluids, using nonporous items such as medical gloves, eyeglasses and face masks. This practice was widely introduced in 1985-1988. In 1987, universal precautions were adapted to a set of rules known as insulating body substances. In 1996, both practices were replaced by the latest approach known as standard precautions. The use of personal protective equipment is now recommended in all health settings.
Transmission-based precautions
Transmission-based precautions are precautions for additional infection control - above and beyond universal precautions/standards - and recent routine infection prevention and control practices applied to patients known or suspected of being infected or colonized with infectious agents, including important epidemiological pathogens. The latter requires additional control measures to effectively prevent transmission.
There are three types of transmission-based prevention:
- Contact precautions are intended to prevent transmission of infectious agents, including epidemiologically important microorganisms, propagated through direct or indirect contact with patients or environmental patients.
- Droplasty prevention is intended to prevent transmission of pathogens that are spread by contact of the respiratory membranes or mucous membranes with respiratory secretions.
- Airborne precautions prevent transmission of infectious agents remotely transmitted when suspended in the air (eg, rubeola virus [measles], varicella virus [chicken pox] M. tuberculosis, and possibly SARS-CoV).
Form of isolation
Strict isolation
Strict insulation is used for airborne diseases and in some cases through contact. Patients should be placed separately to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Those kept in tight isolation are often kept in special rooms in facilities designed for that purpose. The rooms are equipped with toilet gear and special care, and sinks and waste disposal are provided for the workers after leaving the area.
Contact isolation
Isolation contact is used to prevent the spread of the disease that can spread through contact with open wounds. Health care workers who are in contact with patients who are isolated contacts are asked to wear gloves, and in some cases, dresses.
Respiratory isolation
Respiratory isolation is used for diseases that spread through exhaled particles. Those who have contact with or exposed to such patients should wear masks.
Reverses the isolation
Reversing isolation is a way to prevent patients in compromised health situations from being contaminated by other people or objects. Often involves the use of laminar airflow and mechanical barriers (to avoid physical contact with others) to isolate patients from harmful pathogens present in the external environment.
High insulation
High insulation is used to prevent the spread of contagious diseases that are highly contagious, or high, infectious diseases (eg, smallpox, Ebola virus). It specifies mandatory use: (1) gloves (or double gloves if appropriate), (2) protective goggles (glasses or face shields); (3) waterproof gown (or total body Tyvek suit, if appropriate) 4)) respirator (at least equivalent FFP2 or N95 NIOSH), not just a surgical mask. Sometimes negative pressure air-purifying spaces or respirators (PAPRs) are also used.
The isolation effect
Isolation can have the following negative effects on patients and staff:
- The patient may not be able to receive visitors, and in turn, becomes lonely
- The patient may be nervous
- Young children may feel their isolation is a punishment
- Staff may need to spend more time with patients
- Patients may not be able to receive certain types of treatment because of the risk that other patients may be contaminated. This includes a form of treatment that involves the use of common equipment for all patients at the facility, or which involves the transport of patients to a public facility area for all patients.
Workers who are sick
Health workers infected with certain infectious agents may not be allowed to work with patients for a certain period of time. Although the rules and regulations of the facility vary from place to place, the general guideline set is 48 hours of deletion. Technically, however, this form of infection control is not considered "isolation".
See also
- Barrier obstacles
- Isolation of body substances
- Social distance
References
External links
- A chart showing recommendations for various forms of isolation
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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