jockey is someone riding a horse in a horse racing or steep racing, especially as a profession. The word also applies to camel riders in camel racing.
Video Jockey
Etimologi
The original word is derived from a "jock", a Northern English or Scottish equivalent to the first name "John," which is also commonly used for "boys or friends" (compare "Jack", "Dick"), at least since 1529. The known example of using the word as the name is "Jockey of Norfolk" in Shakespeare's Richard III . v. 3, 304.
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries it was applied to horser-peddlers, postils, storytellers and vagrants, and thus often interpreted the cunning, "sharp" trickster, from which the verbs to jockey, "outwit" , or "do" someone from something. The current usage which means a person riding a horse in a race was first seen in 1670.
Another possible origin is the Gaelic word eachaidhe , a "horseman", (pronounced YACH-ee-yuh in the late Middle Ages, with ch pronounced as in Germany). The Irish name "Eochaid" (YO-ked) is related to "each" (yek), horse, and is usually translated as "horseman". It is phonetically very similar to "jockey"
Maps Jockey
Physical Characteristics
Jockeys should be light to ride the load assigned to their mounts. There are horses carrying a weight limit, set by the racing authority. Kentucky Derby, for example, has a weight limit of 126 pounds (57 kg) including jockey equipment. The weight of the jockey usually ranges from 108-118 pounds (49-54 kg). Though lightweight, they should be able to control a horse that travels at 40 mph (64 km/h) and weighs 1,200 lb (540 kg). Although there is no height limit for jockeys, they are usually quite short due to the weight limit. Jockeys usually stand around 4Ã, ft 10 in (147Ã, cm) up to 5Ã, ft 6Ã, in (168Ã, cm).
Roles
Jockeys are usually self-employed, nominated by horse trainers to ride their horses in races, for a fee (which is paid regardless of the prize money earned by horses for the race) and a percentage of the bag wins. In Australia, the work of the apprentice jockeys is in the case of an indenture to a master (coach); and there is a clear employee-employee relationship. When an apprentice jockey completes their apprenticeship and becomes "full jockey", the nature of the work and their insurance requirements change because they are considered "freelancers", such as contractors. Jockeans often stop their riding career to take other jobs in racing, usually as coaches. In this way, the apprenticeship system serves to induce young people into racing jobs.
Jockeys usually start when they are young, work in the morning for a coach, and enter the riding profession as an apprentice jockey. It usually takes an apprentice jockey to drive a minimum of about 20 successful blocking attempts before being allowed to ride racing. An apprentice jockey is known as a "bug child" because the star sign following the name in the program looks like a bug. All jockeys must be licensed and usually not allowed to bet on the race. An apprentice jockeys have a master, who is a horse trainer, and an apprentice is also allowed to "claim" weight from a horse's back: in a defective race, more experienced riders will have their horses given extra weight to carry, while jockeys in their apprenticeship will have less weight on their horses, giving coaches an incentive to hire these less experienced jockeys. This heavy allowance is adjusted to the number of winners ridden by apprentices. After a four-year apprenticeship, internships become senior jockeys and usually develop relationships with individual trainers and horses. Sometimes senior jockeys are paid as retainers by owners who give owners the right to force the jockeys to ride their horses in a race.
Racing is modeled at the British Jockey Club scattered around the world with colonial expansion.
Racing colors
The colors used by jockeys in races are the registered "colors" of the owners or coaches who hire them. The practice of riders wearing colors may have come from the middle ages when jousts were held between knights. However, the origin of racing colors of various patterns may have been influenced by racing held in Italian city communities since the Middle Ages. Traditional events like that are still held in city streets and are known for the rage ride and the colorful spectacle they offer.
While the term "silk" is used in the United States to refer to racing colors, technically "silk" is white pants and bib, stock or cravat. Getting it is a rite of passage when jockeys can first wear silk pants and colors in their first race. At one time silk was always made of silk selected as a lightweight fabric, although now synthetic is used instead. Their silk and color are important symbols of loyalty and feasting.
Awards
Awards are awarded annually by organizations affiliated with racing sports in countries around the world. They include:
- Australia
- Scobie Breasley Medal
- Canada
- Gomez Avelino Memorial Award
- United Kingdom
- Lester Award
- Champion of Joki Flat Champion
- Champion Jockey Champion Jagoan
- United States
- George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award
- Isaac Murphy Award
Risk factors
Horse racing is a sport where a jockey can inflict permanent, debilitating, and even life-threatening injuries. Heads among them include concussions, fractures, arthritis, trampling, and paralysis. Jockey insurance premiums remain among the highest of all professional sports. Between 1993 and 1996, 6,545 injuries occurred during the official race for a 606 per 1,000 year jockey injury rate. In Australia, horse racing is considered the second deadliest job, after offshore fishing. From 2002 to 2006, five deaths and 861 serious injuries were recorded.
Eating disorders (such as anorexia) are also very common among jockeys, as they face extreme pressure to maintain very low (and specific) weights for men, sometimes within five pounds (2.3 kg). The best-selling history novel Seabiscuit: An American Legend records the eating disorder of jockeys living in the first half of the twentieth century. As in the case of jockey champions Kieren Fallon and Robert Winston, the pressure to stay bright has been blamed in part for the jockey who suffers from thirst due to dehydration during the race. Australian sports dietists warn: "Dehydration and energy depletion can disrupt concentration and coordination." Indeed, recent research conducted in association with the Irish Turf Club measures the effects of rapid weight loss to make weight loss in professional jockeys and internships and find a significant dehydration rate; However, cognitive functioning is maintained, suggesting jockeys have become accustomed to performing in a state of dehydration and potentially developing a preventive mechanism to enable them to perform under these conditions.
In January 2016 it was announced that the International Concussion and Head Injury Research Foundation (ICHIRF) will conduct a new study. Named 'Konkusi in Sport' it will be the first study to see in detail the effects of concussion on sports people, including about 200 retired jockeys.
Female jockey
Based on American statistics, women comprise only 14 percent of working jockeys and up only 10 percent of all races started. Only two percent rise at the elite level of the Triple Crown race. Gender discrimination is widely seen as the cause, as more women are able to make weight as jockeys, and in most other equestrian disciplines, the majority of participants are women.
Australia and New Zealand
During the 1850s, amateur "special women" events held in Victoria, Australia, women were not allowed to ride as professional jockeys or on professional tracks.
Although female jockeys were banned from riding at a registered race meeting, in mid 1900 Wilhemena Smith rose as Bill Smith at the racetrack in northern Queensland. He was nicknamed Bill Smith because he arrived on the track with the gear up under his clothes and did not bathe in the lane. It was only at the time of his death in 1975 that the world of racing was officially informed that Bill was really Wilhemena. Subsequent investigations proved that William Smith was actually a woman born at Wilhemena Smith in a Sydney hospital in 1886. In an era when women were clearly denied equality, he was known to be a successful jockey in Queensland state districts as 'Bill Smith'.
During the late 1960s restrictions on female coaches were repealed in Australia, but female jockeys were still confined to "women-only" events, held on non-professional tracks. The Victoria Racing Club in 1974 allowed jockeys to be registered for professional "women-only" events. In 1978 racing rules in New Zealand were changed to allow female jockeys.
In Australia, Pam O'Neill and Linda Jones, in 1979, were pioneers who forced jockeys club officials to give women the right to compete with equal positions in registered races against men. They are undoubtedly the first female jockeys to be allowed to ride bicycles in the Australian metropolitan area. Previously, women had been riding horses against men in Australia at an unregistered "all-high" meeting. Pam creates a world record for every jockey, man or woman, when she drives a treble in Southport on the first day of riding. Australia's top women's jockey, Bev Buckingham, became the first woman in the Southern Hemisphere to win 1,000 races. In 1998, when he fell at Elwick Racecourse (Hobart), he broke his neck. He uses a wheelchair for some time afterwards, but regains his strength and mobility and can walk again without help.
In 2004-05, Clare Lindop won the jockey prime position in Adelaide and became the first woman to win the title of metropolitan prime minister in mainland Australia. Lisa Cropp won the New Zealand 2006 jockey championship for the second consecutive season. In 2005, Andrea Leek became the first woman to ride the Grand National Hurdle winner (4.300 m) in Flemington when she won the Heritage team.
Women currently reach 17% of jockeys in Victoria. However, they receive only 10% of travel, and are often overlooked for the sake of male jockeys, especially in cities. In some parts of Australia about half of the apprentice's jockey intake is female.
Michelle Payne became the first female jockey to win the Melbourne Cup on November 3, 2015.
United Kingdom and Ireland
Women were banned from racing under Jockey Club rules in England until 1972, when after years of fighting, a dozen series of races were approved for women's jockeys. Meriel Patricia Tufnell overcame a childhood disability to ride Earth-burnt Earth to victory in the first race, Goya Stakes at Kempton Park on May 6, 1972.
The first decade of the 21st century saw the profile of the jockeys rising in the British Flat race. In 2005, Hayley Turner became an Apprentice rider before becoming the first woman to ride 100 winners in the 2008 season. Also in 2008, Kirsty Milczarek became the first woman to ride three winners in a British racing race at Kempton in February. Milczarek drove 71 winners that year. This period saw the total number of female jockeys in the British Flat racing increase significantly. Two more female jockeys have won an internship since Turner - Amy Ryan in 2012 and Josephine Gordon in 2016. This change is not applied in National Hunt racing, although amateur racers Nina Carberry and Katie Walsh (sister of Ruby Walsh) have been successful in Ireland and winners are ridden at the Cheltenham Festival. In 2010 National Hunt Chase at the Cheltenham Festival the winner and runner-up are both ridden by female jockeys. Katie Walsh is on board Poker de Sivola finishing up front Because I will see that driven by Nina Carberry. The most successful female professional jockey at the Cheltenham Festival is Gee Bradburne with 2 victories (her maiden name is Armytage).
On Boxing Day 2015 Lizzie Kelly became the first female jockey to win a first-class race in England, at Tea For Two in Kauto Star Novices Chase at Kempton Park. Lizzie Kelly won the 1st class in 2017. It was the Betway Bowl at the Grand National Festival, in Tea For Two. In the 2016/17 season, Rachael Blackmore became the first female jockey to win the Irish Conditional Jockeys title.
United States and Canada
Eliza Carpenter (1851 - 1924) is an early African-American horse owner. In Ponca City, Oklahoma, he trained horses for racing, becoming one of the few stable African-American owners in the West. When not satisfied with the game, he will sometimes ride his own horse as a jockey, winning several races. The names of recorded horses include "Irish Maid", "Blue Bird", "Jimmy Rain", "Sam Carpenter", and "Little Brown Jug", the last one he reportedly drove in Tijuana, Baja California.
Anna Lee Aldred (1921 - 2006) was licensed at the age of 18 in 1939 at Agua Caliente Racetrack in Tijuana, Mexico when officials could not find a rule that would ban women jockeys and she finished second with a nose in her first professional race. Hollywood woman Alice Van-Springsteen (1918 - 2008) also rode a jockey and was one of the first women to receive a coach license for the Thoroughbred horses.
Wantha Davis (1918 - 2012) is known to have won more than 1,000 races in the 1930s, 40s and 50s, including 1949, six famous furlong races against Johnny Longden in Agua Caliente. He drove on several state-recognized pari-mutuel tracks, but without a license, most of the show was a dusty area and half a mile from the western circuit. Although he was always asked to be a training jockey, his license application was rejected in state by state.
Twelve years after Davis retired, the "modern age of women jockeys" began when the Olympics rode and showed jumping competitor Kathy Kusner, who also rode as a jockey, successfully sued the Maryland Racing Commission for a jockey license in 1968 under the Civil Rights Act. In late 1968, Penny Ann Early became the first licensed female Thoroughbred jockey in the US, and entered three races at Churchill Downs in November, but the male jockeys announced they would boycott the race. On February 7, 1969, Diane Crump was the first licensed female rider to ride the Thoroughbred race parimutuel in the United States at the Hialeah Park Race Track in Florida. Two weeks later, on February 22 at Charles Town in West Virginia, Barbara Jo Rubin became the first woman to win the race, and then won 11 of her first 22. Others soon followed and for years the jockeys of American women have proven their abilities. Julie Krone's 3,704 victories are the most by an American woman and By June 2012, at least nineteen others each have more than 1,000 winners.
For most Canadians generally follow in the footsteps of the US in opportunities for female riders. Canada has far fewer tracks than the US and to date Canada has only two female jockeys with 1,000 wins. However, both in actual and relative figures and overall success rates, Canada has surpassed its southern neighbors in opportunities for women at the highest levels; their Triple Crown series: Starting with Joan Phipps in 1973 Breeders' Stakes, 10 different women have competed in 30 Canadian Triple Crown races, with 2 wins, 3 places, 4 gigs combined. In addition, while no US Triple Crown race has ever featured more than one female racer, the achievement has taken place on 10 occasions in Canada, and 3 different women - Francine Villeneuve, Chantal Sutherland and Emma-Jayne Wilson - have been running in the third Canadian race. Sutherland has done twice as much and Wilson tripled.
In comparison, since Diane Crump rode in Kentucky Derby in 1970, six different women have competed in the US Triple Crown event, several times several times: 10 times in Derby, four times in Preakness and nine times at Belmont. with a combined record of one win, one place, one show. Julie Krone is the only woman to win the US Triple Crown race, at the Colonial Affair at Belmont 1993. With appearances at the 2011 Kentucky Derby, the Belmont 2012 Pesta, and the 2013 Preakness Stakes, Rosie Napravnik became the first woman to ride on all three US Crowns races. In 2013, Napravnik also became the first woman to ride three US Triple Crown races in the same year, and was the only woman to win the Kentucky Oaks, which she has won twice.
Robot jockey
To replace jockey children whose use has been regretted by human rights organizations, the camel race in Doha, Qatar for the first time featured robots in control. On July 13, 2005, workers repaired a robot jockey on the backs of seven camels and rode machine-mounted animals around the track. The operator controls the jockey from a distance, beckoning them to pull their control and push the camel with a whip.
See also
- List of jockeys
- US. National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame
- Horse racing is ingrained
References
This article incorporates text from publications now in the public domain: Ã, Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jockey". EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica . 15 (issue 11). Cambridge University Press. p.Ã, 427.
External links
- [1]
- An Overview of Occupational Safety and Health for Workers in the Horse Industry. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
- Work Guide: Jockey. Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. The Australian Government.
- Jockey: Darren Beadman. Australian Racing Museum.
- "Jockey Career Description". Career Description
- In Races: The Jockeys - slideshow by Life magazine
- "Mammals & Events: The Hard Life of Jockey". American Experience: Seabiscuit. PBS.org.
- Horse Racing Horse Racing and Workers: Checking for Street Injury Insurance and Other Health and Welfare Issues: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Monitoring and Investigation of the Energy and Commerce Committee, House of Representatives, One Hundred Congress, Second Session, May 9, 2006
- Review of Efforts to Protect Jockeys and Horses in Horse Race: Hearing before the Health Committee of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelve Congresses, Second Session, 30 April 2012
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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