Denim is a sturdy cotton knit textile in which the feed passes under two or more warp threads. This twisted fabric produces a diagonal belt that distinguishes it from a cotton duck. While the predecessor of denim known as dungaree has been produced in India for hundreds of years, denim itself was first produced in the French city of NÃÆ'®mes under the name "Serge de NÃÆ'®mes".
The most common denim is the indigo denim, in which the warp yarn is dyed, while the feed yarn is left white. As a result of knitting yarn, one side of the textile is dominated by blue warp thread and the other side is dominated by white feed yarns. This causes the blue jeans to be white on the inside. The indigo dyeing process, in which the nucleus of the warp thread remains white, creates the faded denim signature characteristics.
Video Denim
Etimologi dan asal
The name "denim" comes from the French serge de NÃÆ'®mes , which means 'serge from NÃÆ'®mes'.
Denim is traditionally blue with indigo dyes to make blue jeans, although the previous "jean" is symbolized by a different, lighter cotton cloth. The use of contemporary "jeans" comes from the French word for Genoa, Italy (GÃÆ'ªnes),
Denim has been used in the United States since the mid-19th century. Denim originally gained popularity in 1873 when Jacob W. Davis, a tailor from Nevada, produced the first pair of denim pants reinforced by rivets. At this time, clothing for Western workers, such as teams, surveyors, and miners, is not very durable. His concept for making reinforced jeans was inspired when a female customer asked for a pair of durable and strong pants for her husband to cut wood. When Davis was about to finish making denim jeans, he spotted some copper rivets lying on the table and used a rivet to tie the bag. Soon, the popularity of denim jeans began spreading rapidly and Davis was overwhelmed with demand. He immediately sold 200 pairs to workers who needed heavy work clothes. However, due to the production capacity at his small shop, Davis struggled to meet the demand. He then wrote a proposal to drain wholesale Levi Strauss & amp; Co. who has supplied Davis with a roll of denim fabric. Davis's proposal was to patent the design of denim pants reinforced by rivets, with Davis listed as an inventor, in exchange for certain manufacturing rights. Levi Strauss & amp; Co was so impressed with the likelihood of profit in garment making that they then rented Davis to take responsibility for mass production in San Francisco.
Maps Denim
How denim is made
All denim goes through the same process on creation.
- Cotton is harvested by hand or machine.
- A cotton gin separates the cotton fibers from the seeds.
- Fiber is inserted into bales. One bale weighs about 550 pounds and can make about 400 pairs of jeans.
- The cotton fibers are then spun into yarn.
- Yarn dyed gives colors like classic blue denim.
- The thread is then woven in a loom or projectile loom into denim.
- Denim is then sent to the manufacturer for use.
Dry or crude denim (contrasted with "denim washed") is denominated denim after dyeing during production.
Over time the dry denim will fade, considered fashionable in some circumstances. During the tearing process, fading will usually occur on the parts of the article that receive the most pressure. In jeans, this includes the upper thighs, ankles, and the area behind the knee.
Once made into an article of clothing, most denim articles are washed to make it softer and to reduce or eliminate shrinkage (which may cause the article to not fit properly after the owner washed it). This process is known as sanforization. In addition to being sanitized, "denim washed" is sometimes artificially depressed to produce an "outdated" look. Much of the attractiveness of artificially depressed denim is that it resembles a dried denim that has faded. In jeans made of dried denim, fading like this is influenced by the body of the person who wears it and by their daily activities of life. This process creates what many fans feel to look more "natural" than artificially created denim.
To facilitate a sad natural process, some dry denim users will distance themselves from washing their jeans for more than six months. Most dry denim are made with 100% cotton and come from several different countries. Specifically, the United States, Zimbabwe and Japan are the source of popular cotton for making raw denim.
Dry jeans also vary in weight, usually measured by the weight of one yard of denim in ounces. 12 oz. or less considered mild denim, 12 oz. up to 16 oz. considered middle weight, and more than 16 oz. is considered heavyweight. Heavier denim is much more rigid and wear-resistant, but can also wear more clothes to fit in and feel comfortable.
The fading pattern in jeans caused by the long period of wearing it without washing is a way of "personalizing" the garment.
These patterns have a special name:
- a comb or a honeycomb - a faded dotted line that forms behind the knee
- whiskers - faded lines that form radially from the groin area
- stacks - irregular tape fades on the ankle caused by cloth due to contact with feet or shoes
- railroad - fade along out-seams due to abrasion
Selvedge
Weaving Flour (or woven edge ) is the edge of the fabric as it comes from looms. The woven edge is woven or knitted so it will not tear, break, or curl.
Denim Selvedge refers to a unique type of selvedge made by passing a continuous crosslink (weft) back and forth through a vertical warp beam. It is traditionally finished on both sides with a contrasting curve (most often red); that's why this type of denim is sometimes referred to as "red selvedge." The weaving method of woven woven edges is possible only when using shuttle looms.
The shuttle looms weave on a narrower 30-inch cloth, which is half-width on average from Sulzer's modern embroidery device. As a result, a longer piece of cloth is needed to make jeans from the denim woven hand (about three feet).
To maximize yield, most jeans are made of wide denim and have a straight outseam that utilizes a full width of fabric, including the edges. Denim Selvedge has been associated with premium-quality jeans, which show the finished ends of the loom and not the reversed edges shown in other jeans.
Immersion
Denim was originally dyed with dyes produced from Indigofera tinctoria plants, but most denim are currently dyed with synthetic indigo dyes. In both cases, the yarn undergoes repeated sequence of immersion and oxidation - the more dip, the stronger the indigo color.
Rope immersion is considered the best yarn dyeing method, since it eliminates the shadows across the width of the fabric. The alternative "slaughter process" is cheaper because it only takes one beam process. In dyeing the rope, beamed twice.
Colored denim
Dyeing of denim fabric is divided into two categories: indigo immersion and sulfur dyeing. Indigo dye produces a traditional blue color or shades similar to it. Sulfur immersion produces special black and other colors, such as red, pink, purple, gray, rust, mustard, and green.
Stretch denim
Stretch denim combines elastic components, such as spandex. This creates a number of "gifts" in clothing made of stretch denim.
Only a small portion (about 3%) of spandex is required in the fabric to create a significant stretching capacity of about 15%. However, this feature will shorten the life of the outfit.
Usage
Clothing
Accessories
Furniture
Vehicles
Beginning with the 1973 model, American Motors Corporation (AMC) offers a regular production option comprising Levi's interior trim package. Over the years it is available in Gremlin, Hornet, and Pacer, as well as Jeep models.
Although the jean car material looks just like the original, AMC uses a spun nylon made to mimic denim. This is because the original denim fabric is not strong enough for car use and can not pass through fire safety standards. The copper rivet is an actual version and the seat design includes traditional contrast stitching with a Levi tab on both front seat backs. This option also includes a unique door panel with a slim and removable Levis map pocket, as well as a Levi's "sticker" identifier on the front fender. The Levi interior is available through 1978 AMC Concord.
The Levi trim package is also available by AMC on most Jeeps, including CJ, Cherokee, Wagoneer, and J series pickup trucks in 1975. It consists of vinyl coats such as denim and matching canvas tops. This option is available on all CJ models in blue or brown, and is a standard trim in the upgraded Renegade version.
Between 1973 and 1975 Volkswagen produced the Jeans Beetle, which has all the denim trim. They also repeated this concept in later models.
Global market
In 2007, the world denim market equaled USD 51.6 billion, with demand growing by 5% and supply growing 8% annually. More than 50% of denim is produced in Asia, mostly in China, India, Turkey, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
Globally, the denim industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of more than 6.5% during 2015 to 2020, with market value expected to increase from $ 113 billion to $ 153 billion.
The following table shows where the world denim factory is located.
References
See also
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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